Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Kawasaki Disease in a Chinese Population Based Case-Control Study

Abstract

Backgroud: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the pediatric age group in developed countries. But its etiology is unknown. We assessed whether brestfeeding time can influence risk of KD. Methods: We collected feeding, clinical and laboratory details from 200 KD patients and 100 controls. Then we use SPSS to assess the comparison of the general characteristics of KD patients and control patients, and the Correlation of BF time with clinical and laboratory of KD patients. Results: The haemoglobin level was significantly lower in Kawasaki disease patients compared with controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between group of KD with coronary artery lesions (CALs) and group of KD without CALs in age, sex, WBC, platelet, HB, CRP . However, there were significantly decreased frequencies for the longer beestfeeding time in KD patients without CALs when compared with KD patients with CALs (OR=668, 95%CI=0.454-0.984，p=0.041). Moreover, HB level were positively correlated with brestfeeding time in patients with KD (r=0.163, p=0.028) Conclusion: We have shown that breast-feeding is associated with KD and the CALs. Brestfeeding may reduce the risk or KD with CALs. Brestfeeding may reduce the risk of KD with CALs.

Arecoline Biological Activity and Biotransformation: A review

“…30 According to the effects of arecoline on the digestive system, previous studies demonstrated that arecoline could improve digestion functions by stimulating muscarinic receptors. 31 In 1999, an interesting experiment conducted on guinea pigs showed that spontaneous contraction of the ileum could be significantly enhanced by arecoline in a dosedependent manner. 32 Moreover, previous studies also reported that areca nut water extracts (containing 0.06% arecoline) could boost the contractions of gastric smooth muscle and muscle strips of the duodenum, ileum, and colon significantly.…”