Breastfeeding as a Modifier of the Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution in Children

Dong, Guang‐Hui; Qian, Zhengmin; Liu, Miaomiao; Wang, Da; Ren, Weirong; Bawa, Shahida; Fu, John; Wang, Jing; Lewis, Roger D.; Zelicoff, Alan; Simckes, Maayan; Trevathan, Edwin

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182877eb8

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interestingly, we found that a history of breastfeeding was associated with increased odds of wheeze in girls while this was protective in boys, both with a history of parental atopy. While most studies have documented a protective role of breastfeeding for wheeze and asthma or that breastfeeding attenuates the effect of other risk factors for asthma, others suggest that breastfeeding has no effect or is a risk factor for future asthma, especially in children with a parental history of asthma . Other than methodological differences, these conflicting findings may reflect the variability in breast milk composition depending on maternal factors such as atopy, diet, metabolism, and environmental exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐ and age‐specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence

Tse

Coull²,

Sordillo

et al. 2014

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background and objective Cross-sectional gender differences in wheeze are well documented, but few studies have examined the gender-specific risk factors for wheeze longitudinally. This study aims to identify gender- and age-specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence. Methods The incidence of wheeze was ascertained every 6 months through age 14 years in a birth cohort consisting of 499 children with a parental history of atopy. Gender- and age-specific risk factors were identified through generalized estimating equations. Results A total of 454(91.0%) and 351(70.3%) children were followed past age 7 and 13 years, respectively. Maternal asthma was a risk factor for wheeze in girls (OR=2.05,95%CI 1.44–2.91,p<0.0001) and boys (OR=1.79,1.29–2.48,p=0.0004) and had a similar effect on wheeze throughout the ages. Paternal asthma (OR=1.83,1.38–2.57,p=0.0005) and infant bronchiolitis (OR=2.15,1.47–3.14,p<0.0001) were risk factors for boys only, with similar effects throughout the ages. Conclusion Using a prospective cohort, we identified gender- and age-specific risk factors for wheeze. The identification of gender-specific early life risk factors may allow for timely interventions and a more personalized approach to the treatment of asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender‐ and age‐specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence

Tse

Coull²,

Sordillo

et al. 2014

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…Wave 1 was during a period from 2008 to 2009, and Wave 2 was conducted from 2012 to 2013. Wave 1 was conducted to assess the relationship of outdoor and indoor air pollution with asthma and asthma‐related symptoms in children using among 31 049 children from 25 districts of the seven cities in Northeastern China . Wave 2, which occurred in 2012‐2013, was conducted to evaluate the effects of air pollution on lung function, blood pressure, and mental health, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disorder .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to pet ownership and lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Cities Study

Qian

Dharmage

et al. 2017

Indoor Air

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To evaluate the association between pre-natal and post-natal exposure to pet ownership and lung function in children, a cross-sectional study named Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) study was conducted. In this study, children's lung function including the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV ), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured by spirometers, and pet ownership situations were collected by questionnaire. Analyzed by multiple logistic regression and generalized linear modeling, we found that for all subjects, pet exposure in the first 2 years of life was significantly associated with lung function impairment of FVC<85% predicted (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.63). For current pet exposure, the increased odds of lung function impairment ranged from 35% (aOR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.62) for FVC<85% predicted to 57% (aOR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.29, 1.93) for FEV <85% predicted. The in utero exposure was not related to lung function impairment. Compared with other pets, higher odds were observed among children with dogs. When stratified by gender, girls with current pet exposure were more likely to have lung function impairment than boys. It implies self-reported exposures to pets were negatively associated with lung function among the children under study.

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“…It contains a number of anti‐infectious agents that protect infants from the invasion of certain pathogens. In particular, breastfeeding influences the programming of aberrant patterns of both immunological memory specific for inhaled allergens and the inflammatory damage to the lung and airway tissue that occurs during the critical stage of growth in early childhood (Dong et al., ; Sly and Holt, ). Substantial evidence shows that breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of childhood respiratory diseases (Ajetunmobi et al., ; Al‐Makoshi et al., ; Rosas‐Salazar et al., ; Yamakawa et al., ) and a decrease in the effects of other environmental factors including ETS on health (Baker et al., ; Chulada et al., ; Woodward et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding modifies the effects of environment tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory diseases and symptoms in Chinese children: the Seven Northeast Cities Study

et al. 2015

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To evaluate the potential effect of interaction between breastfeeding and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on respiratory health, we studied 31 049 children (aged 2-14 years) from 25 districts of seven cities in northeast China. Parents of the children completed standardized questionnaires that characterized the children's histories of respiratory symptoms and illness, feeding methods, ETS exposure, and other associated risk factors. Breastfeeding was defined as having been mainly breastfed for 3 months or more. The results showed that the association of ETS exposure with childhood respiratory conditions/diseases was modified by breastfeeding, and the association for nonbreastfed children was stronger than that for breastfed children. In particular, for nonbreastfed children, the odds ratios (ORs) for the effect of current ETS exposure asthma was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.43-2.05); however, the OR for breastfed children was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.20-1.48), indicating that the interactions between breastfeeding and current ETS exposure on asthma were statistically significant (P = 0.019). When stratified by school (kindergarten vs. elementary school), breastfeeding was more protective for asthma-related symptoms among children from kindergarten. In conclusion, this study shows that breastfeeding is associated with smaller associations between ETS exposure and respiratory conditions in children, suggesting that breastfeeding reduces susceptibility to the respiratory effects of ETS.

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Breastfeeding as a Modifier of the Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution in Children

Abstract: Breastfeeding is associated with smaller associations between air pollution and respiratory conditions in children, suggesting that breastfeeding reduces susceptibility to the respiratory effects of pollutants.

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Gender‐ and age‐specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence

Gender‐ and age‐specific risk factors for wheeze from birth through adolescence

Pre-natal and post-natal exposure to pet ownership and lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Cities Study

Breastfeeding modifies the effects of environment tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory diseases and symptoms in Chinese children: the Seven Northeast Cities Study

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