Breastfeeding guidance in community pharmacies: The results of a mystery shopper study

Maher, Judith; Hughes, Roger

doi:10.1111/j.1747-0080.2012.01641.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Out of the 1107 papers in the original search and two added due to quoting the 2006 review, 148 papers met the criteria . Extraction of relevant papers from those found by the search strategy was done jointly by two researchers (IB and PN) and independently by a third researcher (AA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Björnsdóttir

Granås

Bradley

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives Simulated patient (SP) methodology (mystery shopping) is used increasingly to assess quality of pharmacy services, and evaluate impact of interventions. Our objective was to review papers reporting on the use of SP methodology in pharmacy practice research 2006-2016 in community pharmacies worldwide. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for papers reporting on the use of mystery shopping in pharmacy settings, using a wide range of terms for SPs, based on previous review. We removed irrelevant papers, duplicates, papers not written in English, and review papers and reviewed remaining papers. Two reviewers carried out data abstraction, using the same tool as the previous review and inserting data into Excel, focusing on how the SP methodology is used. Key findings A total of 148 papers from 52 countries from all regions of the world were included in the review. A wide range of terms described the method, and simulated patient was the most common (49 papers). Most studies were cross-sectional (124), and most investigated only community pharmacies (115). The most common aim was to evaluate some aspect of pharmacists' or other staff's advice and counselling (94). Number of visits is 2-7785. Many papers did not cover details, such as number of visits planned, and carried out, scenario used, training and background of SPs, and ethical approval for the study. Conclusions The use of SP methodology has increased substantially in the field of pharmacy over the past decade. This is a useful method in a wide range of countries and settings. Greater detail is required in reporting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Björnsdóttir

Granås

Bradley

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…[8,10] This is in no way a problem limited to Germany because such deficiencies in the advice provided in pharmacies are described many times in the international literature. [23,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] On the other hand, there are also a few examples internationally of in part appropriate advisory services provided by pharmacies. [39,40] Depending on the particular criteria investigated, there were clear differences apparent in the quality of the advice provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Langer

Bull

Burgsthaler

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of counselling provided for acute diarrhoea and to evaluate the role of the patient's approach and different user groups in determining the outcome of counselling.MethodsThe simulated patient methodology was used in all 21 community pharmacies in a north‐eastern German city. Four different scenarios related to self‐medication of acute diarrhoea were developed and used in all the pharmacies (a total of 84 visits). The assessment form, completed immediately postvisit by the simulated patient, included 9 objective items scored using dichotomous scales to produce a scale from 0 to 9. After evaluating the data, every pharmacy received individual performance feedback to encourage behavioural changes and improve the quality of the counselling provided.Key findingsOverall, the quality of counselling was poor (mean score of 3.3/9 (37%)). The most common information provided was about dosage (87% of interactions), while the least common information given was about side effects (4% of interactions). The main effect was seen when comparing the product and symptom requests (F(1,60) = 24.748, P < 0.001, ωp 2 = 0.277). There was no effect resulting from different user groups (F(1,28) = 0.237, P = 0.630, ωp 2 = −0.026) and no interaction between the type of request and different user groups (F(1,28) = 3.395, P = 0.076, ωp 2 = 0.073).ConclusionsThis study highlighted the current deficits in appropriate counselling provided by community pharmacies in Germany.

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“…These providers felt that when presented with a case for which they did not feel able to adequately provide a recommendation, other providers would be consulted. Community pharmacists are encouraged to play a greater role in maternal health services, including providing breastfeeding guidance, however, their extent of practice in this area needs to be strengthened ( 15 , 21 ). Our results indicated that community pharmacists would be better equipped to advise breastfeeding patients if some of the hurdles of advising were overcome, including access to lactation-specific resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of the literature by Hussainy and Dermele ( 11 ) reported that most studies found healthcare providers to have poor knowledge and variable practices mostly guided by personal experience. These themes are further exemplified in studies by Schrempp ( 12 ), Lee ( 13 ), Long and Montouris ( 14 ), Maher and Hughes ( 15 ), and McAuley ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Addressing maternal medication use during breastfeeding using clinical resources and a novel physiologically based pharmacokinetic model-derived metric: A qualitative study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionBreastfeeding has major benefits to the maternal-infant dyad and yet healthcare providers have expressed uncertainty about advocating breastfeeding when mothers are taking medications. The tendency for some providers to be more cautious in their advising approach is likely a consequence of limited, unfamiliar, and unreliable existing information on medication use during lactation. A novel risk metric termed the Upper Area Under the Curve Ratio (UAR) was developed to overcome existing resource shortcomings. However, the perception and use of the UAR in practice by providers is not known. The aim of this study was to understand existing resource use and potential UAR use in practice, their advantages and disadvantages, and areas of improvement for the UAR.MethodsHealthcare providers mainly practicing in California with experience advising on medication use during lactation were recruited. One-on-one semi-structured interviews that included questions on current practices when advising medication use during breastfeeding, and approaches to a given a scenario with and without information about the UAR were conducted. The Framework Method was applied for data analysis to construct themes and codes.ResultsTwenty-eight providers representing multiple professions and disciplines were interviewed. Six main themes emerged: (1) Current Practice Approaches, (2) Advantages of Existing Resources, (3) Disadvantages of Existing Resources, (4) Advantages of the UAR, (5) Disadvantages of the UAR, and (6) Strategies to Improve the UAR. Overall, 108 codes were identified that illustrated theme topics ranging from a general lack of metric use to the realities of advising. A workflow describing current practice approaches connected all other themes. Almost all disadvantages of existing resources could be overcome by advantages of other resources and the UAR. Several improvements to the UAR were identified to address its shortcomings.ConclusionThrough interviews with providers who use resources to advise on medication use during breastfeeding, an improved understanding of current practice approaches and accessed resources was ascertained. Ultimately, it was found that the UAR would confer multiple benefits over existing resources, and improvements of the UAR were identified. Future work should focus on implementing the suggested recommendations to ensure optimal uptake of the UAR to improve advising practices.

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Breastfeeding guidance in community pharmacies: The results of a mystery shopper study

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Assessment of counselling for acute diarrhoea in German pharmacies: a simulated patient study†

Addressing maternal medication use during breastfeeding using clinical resources and a novel physiologically based pharmacokinetic model-derived metric: A qualitative study

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