Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Jacobson, Lisette T.; Hade, Erinn M.; Collins, Tracie C.; Margolis, Karen L.; Waring, Molly E.; Horn, Linda Van; Silver, Brian; Sattari, Maryam; Bird, Chloe E.; Kimminau, Kim S.; Wambach, Karen; Stefanick, Marcia L.

doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008739

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Such long term effects of repeated oxytocin exposure may also explain why breastfeeding is linked to long term health-promoting effects [63]. In particular, there are long term benefits for different types of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, stroke, heart infarction and diabetes type 2, with greater effects for longer duration of lactation [4,5,[64][65][66].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during breastfeeding—A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Introduction Oxytocin is a key hormone in breastfeeding. No recent review on plasma levels of oxytocin in response to breastfeeding is available. Materials and methods Systematic literature searches on breastfeeding induced oxytocin levels were conducted 2017 and 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Data on oxytocin linked effects and effects of medical interventions were included if available. Results We found 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. All studies had an exploratory design and included 601 women. Data were extracted from the articles and summarised in tables. Breastfeeding induced an immediate and short lasting (20 minutes) release of oxytocin. The release was pulsatile early postpartum (5 pulses/10 minutes) and coalesced into a more protracted rise as lactation proceeded. Oxytocin levels were higher in multiparous versus primiparous women. The number of oxytocin pulses during early breastfeeding was associated with greater milk yield and longer duration of lactation and was reduced by stress. Breastfeeding-induced oxytocin release was associated with elevated prolactin levels;

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during breastfeeding—A systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…While breastfeeding, women are able to reach their pre‐pregnancy weight earlier than non‐breastfeeding women . The duration of lactation has shown to be correlated with better protection against the development of diabetes as well as stroke in the long term . At last, a decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer has been shown for women who had breastfed their child …”

Section: Benefits Of Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs in lactation

Verstegen

Itô

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Although most medications can be taken safely during breastfeeding, potential risks of infant toxicity do exist because all medications will be excreted into the breast milk to some extent. The amount of medication excreted in the milk depends mainly on (i) within-drug variation, such as dosing; (ii) between-drug variation including chemical characteristics of the medication; and (iii) host factors, such as maternal pharmacokinetics (PK), including variations of pregnancy-associated changes and their post-partum recovery. Neonatal drug exposure is usually assessed by calculating an expected total infant daily dose through breast milk and comparing it to the normal therapeutic dose. However, clinical PK studies in this population are challenging to conduct. Recently, research methods using population PK analyses and physiologically-based PK modeling and simulation techniques have been recognized as a complementary approach to the conventional PK studies in this field. These efforts are important for rational risk assessment balancing the toxicity risk against the benefits of human milk. Health benefits of lactation for both mother and child are significant and a decision to withhold from this should not be taken lightly. In case limited information is present, additional expertise from pharmacists or clinical pharmacologist with expertise in this area should be sought.

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“…Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight and improves women's long-term cardiovascular health. 9,27,28 Women who fall into higher BMI categories stand to benefit the most from breastfeeding and can be as successful breastfeeding their infant as women in normal BMI categories.…”

Section: Kansas Journal Of M E D I C I N Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Pilot Breastfeeding Educational Intervention Targeting High BMI Pregnant Women

Jacobson¹,

Zackula²,

Lu³

2020

kjm

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Introduction. Overweight and obesity during pregnancy are associated with adverse health outcomes leading to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with a high body mass index (BMI) also experience low breastfeeding rates. There is limited evidence of effective educational programs that aim to improve length of breastfeeding among this population. The main objective of this pilot educational intervention was to determine knowledge and skills retention at six weeks after completion of a breastfeeding class. Methods. A two-hour breastfeeding class was offered during the second and third trimester of pregnancy targeting high BMI women. A longitudinal, survey study design was conducted using two data collection points. No comparator group was employed. Results. Baseline mean age of respondents was 26.6 years (SD = 5.7). Respondents who completed post-intervention surveys were largely white (69.2%) followed by Hispanic (15.4%) and non-Hispanic black (15.4%), some college (57.1%), earned less than $50,000/year (64.3%), had employer-provided insurance (53.8%), and did not receive WIC benefits (78.6%). Most respondents had a pre-pregnancy BMI category of overweight (28.6%) or obese (57.1%). The intervention appeared to have some impact on responses. The following were observed: an increased understanding that baby may be fussy in the evening hours and wants to nurse more often (p < 0.002), how to bring baby to the breast (p = 0.004), knowing what to do if breastfeeding hurts (p = 0.031), and knowing what to do when baby has trouble breastfeeding (p = 0.021). Conclusion. Consistent with previous findings, all participants in our study reported increased knowledge to breastfeed. Thus, women’s confidence to breastfeed their infant is enhanced through knowledge obtained from breastfeeding education. Additional studies are underway to assess breastfeeding behaviors.

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Breastfeeding History and Risk of Stroke Among Parous Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative

Cited by 36 publications

References 67 publications

Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during breastfeeding—A systematic review

Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during breastfeeding—A systematic review

Drugs in lactation

Effectiveness of a Pilot Breastfeeding Educational Intervention Targeting High BMI Pregnant Women

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