Breastfeeding Protects Against Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Sibling Study

Alves, João Guilherme Bezerra; Figueirôa, José Natal; Meneses, Jucille; Alves, Guilherme Victor

doi:10.1089/bfm.2011.0009

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Oral ingestion of probiotics and prebiotics represent ways to induce change in the microbiota and have shown potential in altering diabetes onset: Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 protects BB-rats from T1D by mediating intestinal barrier function and inflammation [101,102] and a combination probiotic VSL#3 has been shown to attenuate insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice [103]. Prebiotics are less studied, but there is evidence that breast feeding protects human infants against T1D [104]. Breast milk contains many complex oligosaccharides [105] which are prebiotic as they promote the growth of beneficial bacterial groups [106].…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease

et al. 2012

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is the collection of microbes which reside in the GI tract and represents the largest source of non-self antigens in the human body. The GI tract functions as a major immunological organ as it must maintain tolerance to commensal and dietary antigens while remaining responsive to pathogenic stimuli. If this balance is disrupted, inappropriate inflammatory processes can result, leading to host cell damage and/or autoimmunity. Evidence suggests that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can influence susceptibility to chronic disease of the intestinal tract including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as more systemic diseases such as obesity, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, a considerable shift in diet has coincided with increased incidence of many of these inflammatory diseases. It was originally believed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota was relatively stable from early childhood; however, recent evidence suggests that diet can cause dysbiosis, an alteration in the composition of the microbiota, which could lead to aberrant immune responses. The role of the microbiota and the potential for diet-induced dysbiosis in inflammatory conditions of the GI tract and systemic diseases will be discussed.

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Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease

et al. 2012

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“…Childhood cow's milk intake would then continue to trigger this immune reaction, thus increasing IA and T1D risk in susceptible individuals. Many studies have observed that early introduction of cow's milk formula increases IA and T1D risk (8,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, few studies have examined the interaction between cow's milk introduction in infancy and childhood cow's milk intake in the pathogenesis of T1D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young

et al. 2014

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Background Cow's milk intake has been inconsistently associated with islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) development. Genetic and environmental factors may modify the effect of cow's milk on IA and T1D risk. Methods The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) follows children at increased T1D risk for IA (presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD65 or IA-2 twice in succession) and T1D development. We examined 1,835 DAISY children with data on cow's milk intake: 143 developed IA, 40 subsequently developed T1D. Cow's milk protein and lactose intake were calculated from prospectively collected parent- and self-reported food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). High risk HLA-DR genotype: HLA-DR3/4,DQB1*0302; low/moderate risk: all other genotypes. We examined interactions between cow's milk intake, age at cow's milk introduction, and HLA-DR genotype in IA and T1D development. Interaction models contained the base terms (e.g., cow's milk protein and HLA-DR genotype) and an interaction term (cow's milk protein*HLA-DR genotype). Results In survival models adjusted for total calories, FFQ type, T1D family history, and ethnicity, greater cow's milk protein intake was associated with increased IA risk in children with low/moderate risk HLA-DR genotypes (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.08–1.84), but not in children with high risk HLA-DR genotypes. Cow's milk protein intake was associated with progression to T1D (HR: 1.59, CI: 1.13–2.25) in children with IA. Conclusions Greater cow's milk intake may increase risk of IA and progression to T1D. Early in the T1D disease process, cow's milk intake may be more influential in children with low/moderate genetic T1D risk.

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“…These data suggest that the microbes present and the timing of introduction are key to proper immune system development. For children genetically predisposed to T1D, breast milk is thought to contain protective properties against T1D development (148,149). Moreover, infants that are strictly breastfed the first 6 months of life have a distinct microbiota composition.…”

Section: Breast Milk and T1d Onsetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis

et al. 2020

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Breastfeeding Protects Against Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case–Sibling Study

Abstract: Our data support the proposal that a shorter breastfeeding interval may contribute to T1DM in Brazilian children.

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease

Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease

The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young

The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis

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