Breath can discriminate tuberculosis from other lower respiratory illness in children

Bobak, Carly A.; Kang, Lili; Workman, Lesley; Bateman, Lindy; Khan, Mohammad Sharif; Prins, Margaretha; May, Lloyd; Franchina, Flavio A.; Baard, Cynthia; Nicol, Mark P.; Zar, Heather J.; Hill, Jane E.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-80970-w

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…These two analytes were previously reported from human metabolomics studies but were never quantified 46 . Similar hydrocarbon metabolites were reported as oxidative stress markers of disease in exhaled breath related to infectious disease 15 , heart disease 52,53 , psychiatric disease 54 , and cancer 55 . This mechanism involves hydrocarbons being triggered or released in to the breath by ROS, a form of oxygen with a reactive electron from the by-product of oxidation metabolism in the mitochondria.…”

Section: Biological Insight Of the Breath Biomarkerssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Although the other six breath metabolites did not reach significance between the groups individually (Supplementary Figure S5), their contribution to the breath-IR model is evident when assessing the diagnostic capability of the model (Figure 5) to identify individuals with IR. A combined signature of breath metabolites is clearly more informative than using a single metabolite which may be indicative of some normal variability in metabolites within and between individuals 15,19,42 .…”

Section: Non-invasive Exhaled Breath As Ir Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All statistical analyses were conducted in R 4.0.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) 23 . Data cleaning was performed as described 14,15 . In short, a frequency of observation (FOO) cut-offs of 80% was implemented to remove sparse features.…”

Section: Data Reduction and Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to identify individuals with IR. A combined signature of breath metabolites is clearly more informative than using a single metabolite which may be indicative of some normal variability in metabolites within and between individuals 15,19,42 .…”

Section: Non-invasive Exhaled Breath As Ir Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 30, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259399 doi: medRxiv preprint Non-invasive sampling, such as exhaled breath, provides metabolic information that may be indicative of an individual's health status. Exhaled breath metabolites have been reported in the assessment of infection 14,15 , cognition 16 , metabolic disease 17 , and lifestyle 18 . These studies provide evidence that metabolic markers, which strongly correlate with metabolic dysregulation, can be identified in breath samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breath biomarkers of insulin resistance in pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity

Khan

Cuda

Karere

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Insulin Resistance (IR) affects a quarter of the world's adult population and is a major factor in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease. Non-invasive sampling of exhaled breath contains metabolic markers indicative of underlying systemic metabolic abnormality. Method: In this pilot study, we implemented a non-invasive breathomics approach, combined with random forest machine learning, to investigate metabolic markers from pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity as indicators of abnormal metabolic regulation. Findings: Exhaled breath collection using the ReCIVA breathalyzer is feasible in an adolescent population. We have identified a signature of breath metabolites (breath-IR model) which correlates with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (R = 0.95, p <0.001). A strong correlation was also observed between the breath-IR model and the blood glycemic profile (fasting insulin R=0.91, p <0.001 and fasting glucose R=0.80, p <0.001). Among tentatively identified metabolites, limonene, undecane, and 2,7-dimethyl-undecane, significantly cluster individuals based on HOMA-IR (p =0.003, p =0.002, and p<0.001, respectively). Our breath-IR model differentiates between adolescents with and without IR with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87, after cross-validation. Interpretation: Identification of a breath metabolite signature indicative of IR in prediabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity provides evidence of the utility of exhaled breath metabolomics for assessing systemic metabolic dysregulation. A simple and non-invasive breath-based test has utility as a diagnostic tool for monitoring IR progression, potentially allowing for earlier detection of IR and implementation of early interventions to prevent onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Biological Insight Of the Breath Biomarkerssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Non-invasive Exhaled Breath As Ir Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Reduction and Normalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-invasive Exhaled Breath As Ir Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breath biomarkers of insulin resistance in pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity

Khan

Cuda

Karere

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A study of 9 common breath VOCs in 504 healthy subjects using PTR-TOF-MS

Jia,

Ong,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Metabolomics

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Progress and challenges of developing volatile metabolites from exhaled breath as a biomarker platform

Chou,

Godbeer,

Allsworth

et al. 2024

Metabolomics

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Background The multitude of metabolites generated by physiological processes in the body can serve as valuable biomarkers for many clinical purposes. They can provide a window into relevant metabolic pathways for health and disease, as well as be candidate therapeutic targets. A subset of these metabolites generated in the human body are volatile, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be detected in exhaled breath. These can diffuse from their point of origin throughout the body into the bloodstream and exchange into the air in the lungs. For this reason, breath VOC analysis has become a focus of biomedical research hoping to translate new useful biomarkers by taking advantage of the non-invasive nature of breath sampling, as well as the rapid rate of collection over short periods of time that can occur. Despite the promise of breath analysis as an additional platform for metabolomic analysis, no VOC breath biomarkers have successfully been implemented into a clinical setting as of the time of this review. Aim of review This review aims to summarize the progress made to address the major methodological challenges, including standardization, that have historically limited the translation of breath VOC biomarkers into the clinic. We highlight what steps can be taken to improve these issues within new and ongoing breath research to promote the successful development of the VOCs in breath as a robust source of candidate biomarkers. We also highlight key recent papers across select fields, critically reviewing the progress made in the past few years to advance breath research. Key scientific concepts of review VOCs are a set of metabolites that can be sampled in exhaled breath to act as advantageous biomarkers in a variety of clinical contexts.

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Breath can discriminate tuberculosis from other lower respiratory illness in children

Cited by 30 publications

References 80 publications

Breath biomarkers of insulin resistance in pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity

Breath biomarkers of insulin resistance in pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity

A study of 9 common breath VOCs in 504 healthy subjects using PTR-TOF-MS

Progress and challenges of developing volatile metabolites from exhaled breath as a biomarker platform

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