Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: A review

Moura, Pedro Catalão; Raposo, Maria; Vassilenko, Valentina

doi:10.1016/j.bj.2023.100623

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…VOCs mainly comprise hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters 19 , and volatile products from peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative stress exposure 20 . This provides some clues to our speculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds with Surgical Traumatic Stress during General Anaesthesia: An Exploratory Study

Wang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Surgical procedures can induce traumatic stress responses, which are associated with postoperative complications. Therefore, a perioperative monitor is needed to identify patients with a higher degree of stress responses. We explored the relationship between breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a non-invasive method widely explored in disease diagnosis, and surgical traumatic stress. Exhaled breath and blood samples were collected from 105 patients under general anaesthesia at three time points: prior to incision (Pre-op), 2h after incision (Intra-op), and prior to extubation (End-op). Differential VOCs between these time points were screened. Blood metabolomics analysis, traumatic stress-related biomarkers detection, and correlation analysis between VOCs and stress biomarkers were performed. We found that both the abundance of VOCs and blood metabolites changed significantly between these time points. Norepinephrine, epinephrine and cortisol all increased significantly in Intra-op and then reduced significantly in End-op. Correlation analysis showed both Comp_6 and Comp_23 were negatively correlated with norepinephrine in group comparison between Intra-op and End-op, the same trend as that in group comparison between Pre-op and Intra-op. We conclude that surgical traumatic stress resulting from surgical procedures may change the exhaled breath VOC profile in perioperative patients, providing preliminary evidence for VOC use in future monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds with Surgical Traumatic Stress during General Anaesthesia: An Exploratory Study

Wang,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The populations with the other types of COVID‐19 vaccines, alcohol consumption, or smoking were excluded. This study reduced the biological variation by focusing solely on the females who were the healthy university students without pathologies (including that reported to influence the volatile metabolites) [40] . Enrolled consent was conducted via a hardcopy form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Gas Chromatography‐Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Investigate Volatile Compound Profiles in Human Sweat during COVID‐19 Vaccination

Phusrisom,

Tungkijanansin,

Sirinara

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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In this study, gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) was applied to analyze sweat volatile compounds for differentiation of population with COVID‐19 vaccination. This involves tentative identification of the compounds in 50 axillary swab samples obtained from 10 healthy female volunteers before or after nucleic acid‐based COVID‐19 vaccination at different periods up to two days. The samples were collected by using sterilized cotton rods with the sampling time of 15 min. The data were analyzed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) showing separation of the groups before and after the vaccination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were then constructed for the detected peaks which revealed four possible marker peaks with the significantly downregulated or upregulated contents in the vaccinated samples. One of these markers was tentatively identified as methanol. With the optimum peak volume thresholds, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were up to 100 %, 85 % and 94 %, respectively. The marker peak volumes along the vaccination progresses were also monitored showing the significant decrease or increase of their contents within 6 h after the vaccination. The analysis approaches are expected to be useful to confirm stages of other vaccination.

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“…Additionally, exhaled breath contains a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during biological processes [27]. Changes in VOCs detected may indicate abnormal biological processes; for example, they have shown promise as biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases including Alzheimer's, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and lung cancer [28][29][30].…”

Section: Sampling the Respiratory Tract Fluid Liningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in VOCs detected may indicate abnormal biological processes; for example, they have shown promise as biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases including Alzheimer's, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and lung cancer [28][29][30]. Like EBC, such a method is non-invasive, however VOCs in exhaled breath tend to be trace quantities (usually concentrations of parts per billion (ppb)) [27]. Therefore, collection is sensitive to environmental contamination or variation in temperature causing degradation of molecules.…”

Section: Sampling the Respiratory Tract Fluid Liningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA): Clinical Uses and Future Implications

Roe,

Silveira,

Luo

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Access to distal airway samples to assess respiratory diseases is not straightforward and requires invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The particles in exhaled air (PExA) device provides a non-invasive means of assessing small airways; it captures distal airway particles (PEx) sized around 0.5–7 μm and contains particles of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF) that originate during airway closure and opening. The PExA device can count particles and measure particle mass according to their size. The PEx particles can be analysed for metabolites on various analytical platforms to quantitatively measure targeted and untargeted lung specific markers of inflammation. As such, the measurement of distal airway components may help to evaluate acute and chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and more recently, acute viral infections such as COVID-19. PExA may provide an alternative to traditional methods of airway sampling, such as induced sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage. The measurement of specific biomarkers of airway inflammation obtained directly from the RTLF by PExA enables a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of pathophysiological changes at the molecular level in patients with acute and chronic lung diseases.

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Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of pathological conditions: A review

Cited by 36 publications

References 93 publications

Association of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds with Surgical Traumatic Stress during General Anaesthesia: An Exploratory Study

Association of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds with Surgical Traumatic Stress during General Anaesthesia: An Exploratory Study

Using Gas Chromatography‐Ion Mobility Spectrometry to Investigate Volatile Compound Profiles in Human Sweat during COVID‐19 Vaccination

Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA): Clinical Uses and Future Implications

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