Breathing at high altitude

Joseph, Vincent; Péquignot, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0143-y

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This is very similar to the PCO 2 and pH reported at a simulated altitude of 6100 m in the Operation Everest II study (295). The cellular mechanisms underlying the respiratory acclimatization have recently been reviewed (145).…”

Section: Acclimatization To High Altitudesupporting

confidence: 53%

Effects of Gas Exchange on Acid‐Base Balance

Lindinger

Heigenhauser

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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This paper describes the interactions between ventilation and acid-base balance under a variety of conditions including rest, exercise, altitude, pregnancy, and various muscle, respiratory, cardiac, and renal pathologies. We introduce the physicochemical approach to assessing acid-base status and demonstrate how this approach can be used to quantify the origins of acid-base disorders using examples from the literature. The relationships between chemoreceptor and metaboreceptor control of ventilation and acid-base balance summarized here for adults, youth, and in various pathological conditions. There is a dynamic interplay between disturbances in acid-base balance, that is, exercise, that affect ventilation as well as imposed or pathological disturbances of ventilation that affect acid-base balance. Interactions between ventilation and acid-base balance are highlighted for moderate- to high-intensity exercise, altitude, induced acidosis and alkalosis, pregnancy, obesity, and some pathological conditions. In many situations, complete acid-base data are lacking, indicating a need for further research aimed at elucidating mechanistic bases for relationships between alterations in acid-base state and the ventilatory responses.

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Section: Acclimatization To High Altitudesupporting

confidence: 53%

Effects of Gas Exchange on Acid‐Base Balance

Lindinger

Heigenhauser

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…Chemoreflex function maintains adequate ventilation under chronic hypoxia, and is an important contributor to efficient adaptation to hypoxia (Dempsey et al, 2014;Joseph and Pequignot, 2009). At high altitude, a relevant approach to evaluate the basal activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors is to relieve the chronic hypoxic stimulus, which in the present study was achieved by exposure to sea level P O2 .…”

Section: Respiratory and Metabolic Responses To Hypoxia In High Altitmentioning

confidence: 91%

Divergent physiological responses in laboratory rats and mice raised at high altitude

Jochmans-Lemoine

Villalpando

Gonzales

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Ecological studies show that mice can be found at high altitude (HAup to 4000 m) while rats are absent at these altitudes, and there are no data to explain this discrepancy. We used adult laboratory rats and mice that have been raised for more than 30 generations in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m), and compared their hematocrit levels, right ventricular hypertrophy (index of pulmonary hypertension) and alveolar surface area in the lungs. We also used whole-body plethysmography, indirect calorimetry and pulse oxymetry to measure ventilation, metabolic rate (O 2 consumption and CO 2 production), heart rate and pulse oxymetry oxygen saturation (p O2,sat ) under ambient conditions, and in response to exposure to sea level P O2 (32% O 2 =160 mmHg for 10 min) and hypoxia (18% and 15% O 2 =90 and 75 mmHg for 10 min each). The variables used for comparisons between species were corrected for body mass using standard allometric equations, and are termed mass-corrected variables. Under baseline, compared with rats, adult mice had similar levels of p O2,sat , but lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and higher mass-corrected alveolar surface area, tidal volume and metabolic rate. In response to sea level P O2 and hypoxia, mice and rats had similar changes of ventilation, but metabolic rate decreased much more in hypoxia in mice, while p O2,sat remained higher in mice. We conclude that laboratory mice and rats that have been raised at HA for >30 generations have different physiological responses to altitude. These differences might explain the different altitude distribution observed in wild rats and mice.

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“…Differences in technique may contribute to some of the discrepancies in results, particularly, for example, in terms of attention to changes in blood acid-base state and ion concentrations in ruminants postoperatively (Steinbrook et al, 1983). Nevertheless, the majority opinion seems to be that the carotid bodies have a major role to play in the process, even though they are almost certainly not the sole actors (Joseph and Pequignot, 2009). A study by Bisgard et al (1989) lends new support for this concept by demonstrating a timedependent increase in carotid-body activity during hypoxia.…”

Section: High-altitude Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Their data suggested that it is probably not the result of changing efferent input to the carotid bodies, because those were not intact, but there could be effects from circulating substances, such as catecholamines, or intrinsic changes in metabolism or neurotransmitters within the carotid bodies (Joseph and Pequignot, 2009). As such, studies have shown changes in peripheral neurotransmission linked to this effect at the gene and protein levels, not to mention by demonstrating neurotransmitter turnover and receptor expression (Joseph and Pequignot, 2009).…”

Section: High-altitude Acclimatizationmentioning

confidence: 95%