Breathing during sleep and wakefulness in the cat

Orem, John; Netick, Allan; Dement, William C.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(77)90035-4

Cited by 79 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Coote's conclusion was that all animals demonstrated a reduction in respiratory rate with entry into synchronised (NREM) sleep from quiet wakefulness. This conclusion is supported by studies using dogs (Phillipson, Murphy & Kozar, 1976;Phillipson, Sullivan, Read, Murphy & Kozar, 1978;, cats (Duron & Marlot, 1980;Orem, Netick & Dement, 1977a;Remmers, Bartlett & Putnam, 1976) and rats (Pappenheimer, 1977).…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The reduction in minute ventilation can thus occur only because of a decrease in respiratory rate (Orem et al, 1977a;Pappenheimer, 1977). Non-significant decreases in respiratory rate were reported by Phillipson et al (1976) and Sullivan et al (1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In animals, tidal volume has been found to increase with NREM sleep; this is the opposite of what typically happens in humans (Orem et al, 1977a;Phillipson et al, 1976;Remmers et al, 1976). The reduction in minute ventilation can thus occur only because of a decrease in respiratory rate (Orem et al, 1977a;Pappenheimer, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Ventilation during sleep onset

Colrain

Trinder

Fraser

et al. 1987

Journal of Applied Physiology

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There is now considerable evidence which indicates that respiratory activity is different during sleep compared with wakefulness. However, there has been little work on respiratory changes during the transitional period from wakefulness to sleep. The present study was concerned with the quantitative and temporal properties of ventilation during sleep onset. Sleep onsets were studied in five young male adults in a series of single-subject designs in which sleep onsets were replications. The results indicated that during sleep onset the loss of alpha-activity in the electroencephalogram was associated with a substantial, rapid, and highly predictable reduction in ventilation. The change in ventilation was typically due to a reduction in tidal volume and was, in part, secondary to a reduction in metabolic rate. We speculate that the nonmetabolic component may reflect the loss of waking neural drive to respiration, though the present study did not eliminate a variety of other interpretations.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 85%

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Ventilation during sleep onset

Colrain

Trinder

Fraser

et al. 1987

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…A number of studies have suggested that REM-sleepassociated changes in the rates and patterns of neuronal activity in the brainstem parabrachial area (PBN) is responsible for the disruption of thermostatic functions of hypothalamic thermoregulatory systems (reviewed in Datta, 1995;Parmeggiani, 1980). Breathing also becomes shallow, more frequent and irregular during REM sleep (Gottesmann, 1969;Orem et al, 1977;Phillipson, 1978;Radulovacki and Carley, 2003;Remmers et al, 1976;Sullivan, 1980). The central control of respiration is a complex process involving several brainstem areas, each controlling a different aspect of breathing.…”

Section: Fluctuations In Autonomic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

Datta

MacLean

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

268

249

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At its most basic level, the function of mammalian sleep can be described as a restorative process of the brain and body; recently, however, progressive research has revealed a host of vital functions to which sleep is essential. Although many excellent reviews on sleep behavior have been published, none have incorporated contemporary studies examining the molecular mechanisms that govern the various stages of sleep. Utilizing a holistic approach, this review is focused on the basic mechanisms involved in the transition from wakefulness, initiation of sleep and the subsequent generation of slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Additionally, using recent molecular studies and experimental evidence that provides a direct link to sleep as a behavior, we have developed a new model, the cellular-molecular-network model, explaining the mechanisms responsible for regulating REM sleep. By analyzing the fundamental neurobiological mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of sleep-wake behavior in mammals, we intend to provide a broader understanding of our present knowledge in the field of sleep research.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Inspiratory breathing sounds can vary significantly across sleep and between subjects; in some cases the sounds may be soft (sound intensity < 40 dB), but in others it can be loud. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Intense breathing sounds are commonly referred to as snoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breathing and Snoring Sound Characteristics during Sleep in Adults

Levartovsky

Dafna

Zigel

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Sound level meter is the gold standard approach for snoring evaluation. Using this approach, it was established that snoring intensity (in dB) is higher for men and is associated with increased apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of breathing and snoring sound characteristics using an algorithm designed to detect and analyze breathing and snoring sounds. The effect of sex, sleep stages, and AHI on snoring characteristics was explored. Methods: We consecutively recruited 121 subjects referred for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. A whole night audio signal was recorded using noncontact ambient microphone during polysomnography. A large number (> 290,000) of breathing and snoring (> 50 dB) events were analyzed. Breathing sound events were detected using a signal-processing algorithm that discriminates between breathing and nonbreathing (noise events) sounds. Results: Snoring index (events/h, SI) was 23% higher for men (p = 0.04), and in both sexes SI gradually declined by 50% across sleep time (p < 0.01) independent of AHI. SI was higher in slow wave sleep (p < 0.03) compared to S2 and rapid eye movement sleep; men have higher SI in all sleep stages than women (p < 0.05). Snoring intensity was similar in both genders in all sleep stages and independent of AHI. For both sexes, no correlation was found between AHI and snoring intensity (r = 0.1, p = 0.291).Conclusions: This audio analysis approach enables systematic detection and analysis of breathing and snoring sounds from a full night recording. Snoring intensity is similar in both sexes and was not affected by AHI.

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Breathing during sleep and wakefulness in the cat

Cited by 79 publications

References 34 publications

Ventilation during sleep onset

Ventilation during sleep onset

Neurobiological mechanisms for the regulation of mammalian sleep–wake behavior: Reinterpretation of historical evidence and inclusion of contemporary cellular and molecular evidence

Breathing and Snoring Sound Characteristics during Sleep in Adults

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