Breathing exercise for hypertensive patients: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Non-pharmacological management of hypertension includes weight loss, alcohol and sodium restriction, regular exercise, and relaxation. In people with overweight hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) can be decreased via exercise and weight loss together. Breathing exercises are one method of relaxing.Objectives: The aim of this scoping review is to map the information that is currently available about the advantages of breathing exercises in decreasing blood pressure in hypertension patients.Methods: This scoping review adheres to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, which entails identifying review questions, seeking pertinent evidence, choosing pertinent studies, mapping data, and discussing, concluding, and reporting the findings. The PRISMA flowchart is used to show how the evidence search process works.Results: As a result, 339 articles in total were retrieved from the three databases. 20 papers total were included in this review after screening. In 14 of the 20 investigations, participants with stage 1 and stage 2 essential hypertension, two with pre-hypertension, and four with Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) were studied. The respondents’ ages ranged from 18 to 75. The systolic blood pressure declined by 4–54.22 mmHg, while the diastolic blood pressure dropped by 3–17 mmHg.Conclusion: Slow breathing can be used as an alternate, non-pharmacological therapy for hypertension individuals to reduce blood pressure.Systematic Review Registration: (https://osf.io/ta9u6/).

12-weeks of Slow Breathing Exercises Reduces Blood Pressure among Healthy Normotensive Subjects

“…Many studies have measured the acute effects of slow breathing on blood pressure with long-term effects not being well documented in high quality studies. Meta-analyses have examined the clinical effectiveness and quality of research regarding the effects of slow breathing on blood pressure among hypertensives 19,20 Herawati found 20 studies that used breathing exercises to lower blood pressure. Among these studies three did not show a blood lowering effect of slow breathing.…”

Resonant breathing improves self-reported symptoms and wellbeing in people with Long COVID

“…The positive outcomes observed in people with Long COVID performing at least 4 weeks of resonant breathing support the hypothesis of improved autonomic function, aligning with previous findings highlighting the potential role of breathwork as a therapy to address autonomic dysfunction in Long COVID 21 and other conditions. [22][23][24] Controlled breathing may improve autonomic function via improving the baroreflex, [17][18] enhancing parasympathetic activity and mitigating stress responses. 25 Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction feature heavily in many presentations of Long COVID, [2][3]10 therefore the reported data are encouraging.…”

Edukasi Dan Pelatihan Slow Deep Breathing Exercise Pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi Di Posyandu Lansia Semi Wreda

“…Menurunnya tekanan darah setelah melakukan slow deep breathing exercise dapat dirasakan setelah enam minggu setelah akhir pelatihan 19 . Sebagian besar studi yang dipilih dalam penelitian 20 menerapkan slow deep breathing exercise untuk dilakukan setiap hari dengan durasi 10-60 menit sehari.…”

“…Sejak dari 30 tahun yang lalu, jumlah orang dewasa dan lansia berusia 30-79 tahun dengan hipertensi meningkat dari 650 juta orang menjadi 1,28 miliar orang, hampir setengah dari mereka tidak menyadari menderita hipertensi 4 . Hipertensi masih merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang paling umum dan memiliki prevalensi yang relatif tinggi dengan (33,4%) di Indonesia 5 .…”