Breathing of the seafloor: Tidal correlations of seismicity at Axial volcano

Tolstoy, M.; Vernon, F. L.; Orcutt, John A.; Wyatt, Frank K.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0503:botstc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 127 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…14), mirroring the increase in seismicity observed on the real-time regional hydrophones before the 1998 volcanic event 9,17 , and similar to long-term seismic precursors observed at subaerial-rift-zone volcanoes 2,3,18 . By mid-April 2010, the number of earthquake swarms, which we define to be a sequence of >50 events in <one day, became more frequent (one every two to three months) and the rate of earthquakes began to increase (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount

et al. 2012

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Volcanoes at spreading centres on land often exhibit seismicity and ground inflation months to years before an eruption, caused by a gradual influx of magma to the source reservoir [1][2][3][4] . Deflation and seismicity can occur on time scales of hours to days, and result from the injection of magma into adjacent rift zones [5][6][7][8] . Volcanoes at submarine rift zones, such as Axial Seamount in the northeast Pacific Ocean, have exhibited similar behaviour [9][10][11][12] , but a direct link between seismicity, seafloor deformation and magma intrusion has never been demonstrated. Here we present recordings from ocean-bottom hydrophones and an established array of bottom-pressure recorders that reveal patterns of both microearthquakes and seafloor deformation at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, before it erupted in April 2011. Our observations show that the rate of seismicity increased steadily during a period of several years, leading up to an intrusion and eruption of magma that began on 6 April 2011. We also detected a sudden increase in seismo-acoustic energy about 2.6 h before the eruption began. Our data indicate that access to real-time seismic data, projected to be available in the near future, might facilitate short-term forecasting and provide sufficient leadtime to prepare in situ instrumentation before future intrusion and eruption events.

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confidence: 58%

Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount

et al. 2012

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“…This is in the same range as the effects of earth tides [Tolstoy et al, 2002]. However, inserting tidal stresses (calculated from volume strain at 2 km depth below Bad Reichenhall) as the loading mechanism into our model yields a maximum effect of only 15% compared to the rainfall induced rate changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Evidence for rainfall‐triggered earthquake activity

Hainzl

Kraft

Wassermann

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

213

173

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[1] Fluids are known to be of major importance for the earthquake generation because pore pressure variations alter the strength of faults. Thus they can initiate earthquakes if the crust is close enough to its critical state. Based on the observations of the isolated seismicity below the densely monitored Mt. Hochstaufen, SE Germany, we are now able to demonstrate that the crust can be so close-to-failure that even tiny pressure variations associated with precipitation can trigger earthquakes in a few kilometer depth. We find that the recorded seismicity is highly correlated with the calculated spatiotemporal pore pressure changes due to diffusing rain water and in good agreement with the response of faults described by the rate-state friction law.

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“…Most have reported negative conclusions about the correlation between the earth tide and earthquake occurrence (Schuster, 1897;Knopoff, 1964;Simpson, 1967;Shudde and Barr, 1977;Heaton, 1982;Curchin and Pennington, 1987;Rydelek et al, 1992;Vidale et al, 1998). However, many (Enescu and Enescu, 1999;Stavinschi and Souchay, 2003;Stroup, 2007;Tsuruoka et al, 1995;Tolstoy et al, 2002;Tanaka et al, 2002Tanaka et al, , 2006Zugravescu et al, 1985, Zugravescu et al, 1989Wilcock, 2001). Based on the recent positive studies by Tanaka et al (2002Tanaka et al ( , 2006 we reinvestigated the role of the earth tides on triggering earthquakes in Vrancea area , one of the most active seismic zones in Europe (Knapp et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal triggering evidence of intermediate depth earthquakes in the Vrancea zone (Romania)

Cadicheanu

Ruymbeke

Zhu

2007

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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We assigned a tidal component phase angle for each event which is computed from the earthquake occurrence time. Then the phase angle distribution was obtained by stacking every angle value in a 360 degree coordinate. Main lunar and solar semidiurnal tidal components M2 and S2 are considered. The phase angle distributions are tested by Permutation test which are introduced for the first time to a tidal triggering study. We compared results with classical Schuster's test. Both tests produce one value, p p for Permutation test and p s for Schuster's test, which represent the significance level for rejecting the null hypothesis that earthquakes occur randomly irrespective of tidal activities M2 and S2 phase distribution are random for the complete data set. However, when we set up a one year window and slide it by 30 d step, significant correlations were found in some windows. As a result of the sliding window, data set systematic temporal patterns related to the decrease of the p p and p s values seem to precede the occurrence of larger earthquakes.

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Breathing of the seafloor: Tidal correlations of seismicity at Axial volcano

Cited by 127 publications

References 15 publications

Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount

Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount

Evidence for rainfall‐triggered earthquake activity

Tidal triggering evidence of intermediate depth earthquakes in the Vrancea zone (Romania)

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