Breathing patterns during varied activities

Paek, Domyung; McCool, F. Dennis

doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.3.887

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Conventional recording methods (requiring a mouthpiece and noseclip) used for ventilatory measurement in human subjects are known to alter the ventilation [1][2][3][4]. The present study confirmed the previous findings that breathing through the mouthpiece and occluding the nose changed the breathing pattern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It is known that in healthy subjects breathing through a mouthpiece results in an increase of tidal volume (VT) [1][2][3], of inspiratory (t I) [2,3] and expiratory time (t E) [2], and inspiratory drive (VT/t I) [2,4]. These changes in ventilation have been attributed to: 1) the influence of the additional dead space; 2) stimulation of the nasal and oral mucosa by the noseclip and mouthpiece; 3) shift of respiratory route from unrestricted nose to mouth.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of awareness of the recording of breathing on respiratory pattern in healthy humans

Han¹,

Stegen²,

Cauberghs³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

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Supported by the Research Council of the University of Leuven (grant OT/93/12).It is known that in healthy subjects breathing through a mouthpiece results in an increase of tidal volume (VT) [1][2][3], of inspiratory (t I) [2,3] and expiratory time (t E) [2], and inspiratory drive (VT/t I) [2,4]. These changes in ventilation have been attributed to: 1) the influence of the additional dead space; 2) stimulation of the nasal and oral mucosa by the noseclip and mouthpiece; 3) shift of respiratory route from unrestricted nose to mouth.For these reasons, an alternative technique, i.e. respiratory inductive plethysmography (Respitrace) is widely used in the study of the breathing pattern to avoid the influence of the mouthpiece and occlusion of the nose.As pointed out by GILBERT et al.[1], a fourth influence which might modify the natural resting ventilation is that of registration itself, by focusing the subject's attention on his breathing. The use of any recording technique, even a noninvasive one, might modify the spontaneous breathing pattern. In the present study, we tried to evaluate this influence. Materials and method SubjectsThe study was performed on two groups of healthy volunteers: 1) 42 subjects ("younger" population), 25 females and 17 males, aged 21-26 (mean 22) yrs, who were (except for two) medical students of K.U. Leuven, Belgium; 2) 32 subjects ("older" population), 15 females and 17 males, aged 35-63 (mean 47) yrs, who were recruited from outside the hospital. All 74 subjects (younger and older population) were naive to the purpose of the study. Anonymity was ensured.Before the experiment, the subjects answered four questionnaires. One dealt with medical history, two screened the level of anxiety, and one the spontaneous complaints of the subjects. To evaluate the anxiety of the subjects, the state and trait versions of the Zelfbeoordelingsvragenlijst (ZBV-DY1, ZBV-DY2) [5], which is the Dutch Seventy four subjects (40 females and 34 males), aged 21-63 yrs, were studied under three different conditions whilst their breathing was being recorded for 5 min by means of inductance plethysmography (Respitrace): 1) subjects were misled into believing that their breathing was not being recorded but that they had to wait for 5 min whilst equipment was calibrated; 2) subjects were instructed that their breathing pattern was being recorded for 5 min; 3) the subject's breathing was recorded for 5 min with mouthpiece and pneumotachograph. The first two conditions were randomized. The Respitrace was calibrated by means of multiple linear regression carried out during the 5 min period of quiet breathing through a mouthpiece.Awareness of the recording of breathing caused prolongation of inspiratory (t I) and expiratory time (t E). Breathing through the mouthpiece resulted in an increase of t I, t E and tidal volume (VT). The breathing irregularities (sighs and end-expiratory pauses) decreased when subjects were aware of the recording of breathing and nearly disappeared when subjects breathed through the mouthpiec...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of awareness of the recording of breathing on respiratory pattern in healthy humans

Han¹,

Stegen²,

Cauberghs³

et al. 1997

Eur Respir J

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show abstract

“…Initially, the use of mouthpiece and nose clip are known to alter the depth and rate of breathing [37], although this effect seems to be restricted to lower levels of ventilation [38]. The present data, therefore, should be used with caution when the ventilatory variables are recorded using a mask or canopy.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

Neder¹,

Corso²,

Malaguti³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

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The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study. J.A. Neder, S. Dal Corso, C. Malaguti, S. Reis, M.B. De Fuccio, H. Schmidt, J.P. Fuld, L.E. Nery. #ERS Journals Ltd 2003. ABSTRACT: Clinical evaluation of the pattern and timing of breathing during submaximal exercise can be valuable for the identification of the mechanical ventilatory consequences of different disease processes and for assessing the efficacy of certain interventions.Sedentary individuals (60 male/60 female, aged 20-80 yrs) were randomly selected fromw8,000 subjects and submitted to ramp incremental cycle ergometry. Tidal volume (VT)/ resting inspiratory capacity, respiratory frequency, total respiratory time (Ttot), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), duty cycle (TI/Ttot) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were analysed at selected submaximal ventilatory intensities.Senescence and female sex were associated with a more tachypnoeic breathing pattern during isoventilation. The decline in Ttot was proportional to the TI and TE reductions, i.e. TI/Ttot was remarkably constant across age strata, independent of sex. The pattern, but not timing, of breathing was also influenced by weight and height; a set of demographically and anthropometrically based prediction equations are therefore presented.These data provide a frame of reference for assessing the normality of some clinically useful indices of the pattern and timing of breathing during incremental cycle ergometry in sedentary males and females aged 20-80 yrs. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 530-538.

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“…Breathing on a mouthpiece tends to alter respiratory patterns, with larger V T and minute ventilation than during unencumbered breathing (Paek and McCool 1992). It is possible that mouthpiece breathing induced greater increases in V T and minute ventilation in the subjects with asthma than in healthy subjects, and that this contributed to the observed increase in UFP deposition.…”

Section: Number Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma.

Chalupa

Morrow

Oberdörster

et al. 2004

Environ Health Perspect

299

159

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Ambient air particles in the ultrafine size range (diameter < 100 nm) may contribute to the health effects of particulate matter. However, there are few data on ultrafine particle deposition during spontaneous breathing, and none in people with asthma. Sixteen subjects with mild to moderate asthma were exposed for 2 hr, by mouthpiece, to ultrafine carbon particles with a count median diameter (CMD) of 23 nm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.6. Deposition was measured during spontaneous breathing at rest (minute ventilation, 13.3 ± 2.0 L/min) and exercise (minute ventilation, 41.9 ± 9.0 L/min). The mean ± SD fractional deposition was 0.76 ± 0.05 by particle number and 0.69 ± 0.07 by particle mass concentration. The number deposition fraction increased as particle size decreased, reaching 0.84 ± 0.03 for the smallest particles (midpoint CMD = 8.7 nm). No differences between sexes were observed. The deposition fraction increased during exercise to 0.86 ± 0.04 and 0.79 ± 0.05 by particle number and mass concentration, respectively, and reached 0.93 ± 0.02 for the smallest particles. Experimental deposition data exceeded model predictions during exercise. The deposition at rest was greater in these subjects with asthma than in previously studied healthy subjects (0.76 ± 0.05 vs. 0.65 ± 0.10, p < 0.001). The efficient respiratory deposition of ultrafine particles increases further in subjects with asthma.

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Breathing patterns during varied activities

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of awareness of the recording of breathing on respiratory pattern in healthy humans

Influence of awareness of the recording of breathing on respiratory pattern in healthy humans

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

Ultrafine particle deposition in subjects with asthma.

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