Breed characteristics of indigenous Okinawan Agu pigs analyzed by body measurements and reproductive traits

Touma, Shihei; Oikawa, Takuro

doi:10.2508/chikusan.88.103

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The first Agu pigs are assumed to have been introduced from China during the Ming dynasty in the latter half of the 14th century. The body size of the Agu pig is similar to that of mediumsized Chinese breeds such as Jinhua pigs (TOUMA and OIKAWA, 2017). Previous studies have revealed that Agu pigs are characterized by poor fertility in terms of litter size (TOUMA and OIKAWA, 2017), and poor male reproductive ability attributed to sperm quality and concentration (YAMAUCHI et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Breed Characteristics of Indigenous Pigs in Okinawa :Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality

Touma

Onaga²,

Toubaru

et al. 2017

Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi

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: Agu, a relatively small-bodied pig with a black coat, is indigenous to Okinawa, the southernmost island in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, carcass and meat quality traits of Agu pigs and to elucidate breed characteristics. A total of 16 Agu pigs and 18 LWD three-way cross pigs (Duroc sires×F1 dams ; Landrace×Large White) were fed a commercial diet ad libitum at 70 kg and slaughtered at 110 kg. Daily gain, dressing percentage and the area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) were significantly lower in Agu than in LWD pigs at the same body weight. Agu pigs had much thicker backfat than the LWD pigs at the same finishing body weight. The content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was significantly higher in Agu than in LWD pigs. Though raw Agu meat had lower water holding capacity, cooked meat had lower cooking loss and higher pressed juice percentage than LWD meat. Moreover, the inner layer of Agu backfat contained a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and had a lower melting point. The results revealed that Agu pigs had meat characteristics different from those of LWD pigs that are a common crossbred in commercial production.Jpn. J. Swine Science, 54, 3 : 121-129

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Breed Characteristics of Indigenous Pigs in Okinawa :Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality

Touma

Onaga²,

Toubaru

et al. 2017

Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi

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“…Hence, following replacement with European breeds, low numbers of Agu individuals in a small population likely favored inbreeding. Consequently, Agu pigs had small litter sizes (total number born, 4.8) [27] and low conception rates (20%) [28]. In contrast with Agu pigs, Meishan and Jinhua pigs had low F IS values, likely reflecting breeding strategies that avoid mating between close relatives.…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Within Agu Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genetic structure of indigenous Okinawa Agu pigs using microsatellite markers

Touma¹,

Arakawa

Oikawa

2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: Agu pigs are indigenous to the Okinawa prefecture, which is the southernmost region of Japan. Agu pigs were exposed to a genetic bottleneck during the 20th century, due to the introduction of European pig breeds. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic structure of Agu pigs and to determine their relationships with those of five European breeds, two Chinese breeds and Ryukyu wild boar using microsatellite markers. Methods: A total of 203 DNA samples from 8 pig breeds were used in this study. Genotyping was performed using 21 microsatellite markers distributed across 17 chromosomes. Results: Numbers of effective alleles in Agu pigs were fewer than in European breeds and Ryukyu wild boar. Among domestic pigs, Agu pigs had the lowest heterozygosity (0.423) and highest inbreeding coefficient (F IS = 0.202), indicating a severe loss of heterozygosity in Agu pigs possibly due to inbreeding. Neighbor-joining tree analysis was performed based on Reynolds' genetic distances, which clustered Agu pigs with Duroc pigs. However, principal component analysis revealed a unique genetic position of the Agu pig, and the second principal component separated Agu pigs from all other breeds. Structure analysis with the optimal assumption of seven groups (K = 7) indicated that Agu pigs form an independent cluster from the other breeds. In addition, high and significant F ST values (0.235 to 0.413) were identified between Agu pigs and the other breeds. Conclusion: This study revealed a substantial loss of genetic diversity among Agu pigs due to inbreeding. Our data also suggest that Agu pigs have a distinctive genetic structure, although gene flows from European breeds were observed.

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“…As shown for other indigenous breeds, Agu pigs growth performances and lean meat productivity are low (Touma et al, 2017). Moreover, Agu pigs have poor fertility, with small litter sizes (total number born, 4.8) (Touma & Oikawa, 2017) and low conception rates (Yamauchi et al, 2009), likely reflecting inbreeding (Touma et al, 2020). Thus, it is difficult to secure a stable supply of Agu pork.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Okinawan indigenous Agu pigs and crossbred pigs sired by Agu or Duroc boar

Touma¹,

Oyadomari²

2020

Animal Science Journal

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Indigenous Okinawa Agu pigs were once widely raised in Okinawa, Japan. Numbers of this breed reached 104,321 in 1899 (Touma, Arakawa, & Oikawa, 2020), but with the introduction of European pig breeds in the early 1900s, Agu pigs were gradually replaced by foreign breeds, and even faced imminent extinction in the 1980s. Due to a conservation program that was started in 1981, populations of Agu pigs have recovered and the pork from this breed (Agu pork) is known for its good taste. In our assessments of meat quality, Agu pigs had high intramuscular fat contents (IMF), high juiciness, and high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels (Touma, Onaga, Toubaru, & Oikawa, 2017). Recently, demand for Agu pork has increased with the growing desire among consumers and pork producers for specialty and value-added pork. As shown for other indigenous breeds, Agu pigs growth performances and lean meat productivity are low (Touma et al., 2017). Moreover, Agu pigs have poor fertility, with small litter sizes (total number born, 4.8) (Touma & Oikawa, 2017) and low conception rates (Yamauchi et al., 2009), likely reflecting inbreeding (Touma et al., 2020). Thus, it is difficult to secure a stable supply of Agu pork. Generally, indigenous breeds have low growth and meat production, but have good meat qualities (

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Breed characteristics of indigenous Okinawan Agu pigs analyzed by body measurements and reproductive traits

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Breed Characteristics of Indigenous Pigs in Okinawa :Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality

Breed Characteristics of Indigenous Pigs in Okinawa :Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality

Evaluation of the genetic structure of indigenous Okinawa Agu pigs using microsatellite markers

Comparison of growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat qualities of Okinawan indigenous Agu pigs and crossbred pigs sired by Agu or Duroc boar

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