2013
DOI: 10.1294/jes.24.31
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Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (<i>DRD4</i>) in Horses

Abstract: Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to neurotransmitters or hormones affect personality or behavioral traits in many animal species including humans. In domestic animals, the allele frequency of such genes has been reported to be different among breeds and it may account for breed differences in behavior. In this study, we investigated breed differences in horses in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4), which has been reported to affect horse personality. We collected samples from seven horse breeds includi… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…The role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system is well known [ 74 ], where its action is mediated by specific receptors to control locomotion, emotional behavior, cognitive functions and memory [ 75 ]. Indeed, the dopamine receptor D4 gene ( DRD4 ) has been extensively linked to behavior, positive affect and reactivity in mice [ 76 ], dogs [ 77 , 78 ], and horses [ 79 , 80 ], as well as in humans [ 81 83 ] and cattle temperament, measured by a docility test [ 31 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system is well known [ 74 ], where its action is mediated by specific receptors to control locomotion, emotional behavior, cognitive functions and memory [ 75 ]. Indeed, the dopamine receptor D4 gene ( DRD4 ) has been extensively linked to behavior, positive affect and reactivity in mice [ 76 ], dogs [ 77 , 78 ], and horses [ 79 , 80 ], as well as in humans [ 81 83 ] and cattle temperament, measured by a docility test [ 31 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Research on breed specific personality in horses showed that thoroughbreds score within the highest on traits such as anxiousness, excitability, and dominance, whereas these traits are less pronounced in ponies or warmbloods [40,57,58]. Moreover, the percentage of thoroughbred blood lines in warmblood pedigrees increased physiological reactivity [44], indicating a genetic influence [59]. Although there is to our knowledge no study showing a direct link between breed and human contact-seeking, horses independent of breed that scored high on traits like excitability and anxiousness seek less contact with humans and show less human directed behavior such as gazes [43].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whilst temperament and 96 personality type research has been conducted in horses (for example see Momozawa et al, 97 2003;Momozawa et al, 2005a;Lloyd et al, 2007, Nagy et al, 2010Ijichi et al, 2013), the 98 way in which the result of this relates to dopaminergic function has yet to be determined 99 empirically. Interestingly however, Momozawa et al (2005b) observed a significant relationship between DRD4 (dopamine D4 receptor subtype) single nucleotide polymorphism, an A-G substitution causing an amino acid change from asparagine to aspartic acid (Hori et al, 2013). Absence of the 'A' allele resulted in significantly increased 'Curiosity' and lower 'Vigilance' scores than those with the 'A' allele (Momozawa et al, 2005b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%