Breed differences in insulin sensitivity and insulinemic responses to oral glucose in horses and ponies of moderate body condition score

Bamford, N. J.; Potter, S.J.; Harries, Priscilla; Bailey, S. R.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.11.001

Cited by 132 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Breed differences between ponies and horses are reported in the insulin response to the OST and the, similar, oral glucose test [11,12] suggesting that ponies may require a different sampling protocol. Further analysis of the OST in ponies rather than horses is therefore warranted.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher doses of oral sugar could elicit a greater insulinaemic response and may improve test performance. The OST uses a small dose of dextrose derived digestible sugars (150 mg/kg [2]) compared with the oral glucose challenge test (1g/kg [12] or 1.5g/kg [11]). Higher doses of oral sugar are therefore likely to be well tolerated and require investigation.…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting

Knowles

Harris²,

Elliott

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background It is recommended that the oral sugar test (OST) for insulin dysregulation (ID) be performed after an overnight fast, but fasting is impractical in ponies kept solely at pasture. There are few data on OST repeatability and reliability in ponies. Objectives To report 1) whether OST results obtained in the morning after an overnight fast or without fasting in the afternoon (FASTING/FED) can be used interchangeably, 2) time of highest insulin concentration Tmax[insulin], repeatability and reliability of insulin response to the OST when FASTING or FED and 3) dichotomous agreement (ID/normal) within a small sample when FASTING or FED. Study design Method comparison study. Methods Oral sugar tests were performed on four occasions in 10 adult native British ponies, twice FASTING and twice FED. Insulin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay at 0–120 min (T0,30,60,75,90,120). Differences between FASTING and FED results were assessed using mixed effects models. Indices of repeatability and reliability were calculated; dichotomous agreement was reported using kappa statistics. Results Serum [insulin] was significantly (P≤0.05) higher at T60–T90 with prior fasting (estimated differences [95% confidence intervals]): T60: 23.5 μiu/ml (8.7–38.4 μiu/ml), T75: 27.1 μiu/ml (12.3–41.8 μiu/ml), T90: 15.1 (0.36–29.9 μiu/ml). Most frequently, Tmax[ins] occurred at T30. At any single time point, within‐subject coefficients of variation were: FASTING: 40% and FED: 31%. The 95% limits for repeatability were FASTING: 29–340%, FED: 41–240%. Test reliabilities were FASTING: 0.70 and FED: 0.67. For dichotomous interpretation similar results (kappa = 0.7) were obtained using cut‐offs of [Insulin] >60 μiu/ml at T60 or T90 for FASTING and [Insulin] >51 μiu/ml at T30 or T60 for FED samples. Main limitations Oral sugar tests were performed on a small number of animals on one pasture during one season (spring). Conclusions Clinicians should beware of interpreting changes in absolute OST results owing to poor repeatability. When stabling is unavailable, OSTs of ponies at pasture may yield similar dichotomous results without prior fasting.

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Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting

Knowles

Harris²,

Elliott

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Further studies would be necessary to confirm whether there are breed differences. If there are, then this would not appear to be related to the hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance seen in ponies, because the IGF concentrations in Andalusian horses (which also show this tendency) were not different to Standardbreds (Bamford et al, 2014). These findings confirm the suitability of the IGF-1 ELISA-Immunoenzymometric assay manufactured by IDS for use in the horse and this kit seems to provide a convenient, straightforward and cost effective method for measuring this growth factor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…It is therefore important to validate and compare available assays to determine the most acceptable assay to use in the horse. Also, since there are breed differences in metabolism associated with different concentrations of the important related peptide hormone insulin (Bamford et al, 2014), it may be important to consider different breeds when measuring IGF-1. The aim of this study was to compare three different ELISA assays (two human and one horse-specific).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baskerville et al Open Veterinary Journal, (2017), Vol. 7(1): 75-80 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ These types were selected because Standardbreds represent most typical athletic breeds of horse, while ponies and Andalusian horses tend to demonstrate metabolic characteristics including hyperinsulinaemic responses to dietary carbohydrates, regional obesity and also an increased risk of laminitis (Bamford et al, 2014). Assay A was found to be totally unsuitable for use in the horse, since it gave a recovery of less than 30% of spiked human recombinant IGF-1 in equine plasma, and parallelism could not be satisfied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison and validation of ELISA assays for plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 in the horse

Baskerville¹,

Bamford²,

Harris³

et al. 2017

Open Vet J.

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Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays several important physiological roles, and IGF-related pathways have been implicated in developmental osteochondral disease and endocrinopathic laminitis. This factor is also a downstream marker of growth hormone activity and its peptide mimetics. Unfortunately, previously used assays for measuring equine IGF-1 (radioimmunoassays and ELISAs) are no longer commercially available, and many of the kits on the market give poor results when used on horse samples. The aim of the present study was to compare three different ELISA assays (two human and one horse-specific). Plasma samples from six Standardbreds, six ponies and six Andalusians were used. The human IGF-1 ELISA kit from Immunodiagnostic Systems (IDS) proved to be the most accurate and precise of the three kits; the other two assays gave apparently much lower concentrations, with poor recovery of spiked recombinant human IGF-1 and unacceptably poor intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV). The IDS assay gave an intra-assay CV of 3.59 % and inter-assay CV of 7.31%. Mean percentage recovery of spiked IGF-1 was 88.82%, and linearity and dilutional parallelism were satisfied. The IGF-1 plasma concentrations were 123.21 ±8.24 ng/mL for Standardbreds, 124.95 ±3.69 ng/mL for Andalusians and 174.26 ±1.94 ng/mL for ponies. Therefore of the three assays assessed, the IGF-1 ELISA manufactured by IDS was the most suitable for use with equine plasma samples and may have many useful applications in several different research areas. However, caution should be used when comparing equine studies where different analytical techniques and assays may have been used to measure this growth factor.

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Laboratory Assessment of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism

Walton¹

2020

Equine Hematology, Cytology, and Clinical Chemistry

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Breed differences in insulin sensitivity and insulinemic responses to oral glucose in horses and ponies of moderate body condition score

Cited by 132 publications

References 38 publications

Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting

Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting

Comparison and validation of ELISA assays for plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 in the horse

Laboratory Assessment of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism

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