Breeding Advances and Prospects in Rocket Salad (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa Mill.) Cultivation

Tripodi, Pasquale; Coelho, Paula S.; Guijarro-Real, Carla

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66969-0_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…sativa; also known as arugula and rucola) is a member of the Brassicaceae family and is closely related to thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), and radish (Raphanus sativus; Bell et al, 2020a). It is widely consumed across the world as a leafy vegetable and has become naturalized on every inhabited continent (Tripodi et al, 2021). Leaves are known for their characteristic peppery flavour, pungent aroma, and bitter taste (Bell et al, 2017a); however, the intensity of these attributes is closely linked with the cultivation environment (Bell et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa grown in contrasting field environments differ on transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, significantly impacting nutritional quality

Bell,

Chadwick,

Puranik

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) is a source of sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs and their breakdown hydrolysis products (GHPs) are responsible for health-related benefits, such as anti-cancer and anti-neurodegenerative properties. Understanding how phytochemical composition changes between cultivation environments is key to developing cultivars with improved nutritional quality. Two consecutive harvests (first and second regrowth) of crops, grown in both Italy and the UK, were used to determine the phytochemical and transcriptomic differences between six lines of Eruca. Samples were taken upon delivery from field sites (D0) and after five days of cold storage (D5) for each location. Leaves were analysed for sulfur content, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), GSLs, GHPs, and sugars. Transcriptome data were associated with metabolite profiles to identify differentially expressed genes between plants grown in the two environments. VOC compounds (carbon disulfide, methyl thiocyanate) were associated with growth environment and with differences in sulfur metabolism gene expression (APR2, LSU2, LSU3, SDI1, SiR), GSL biosynthesis (MYB28, FMOGS-OX2) and GHP formation (ESM1, TGG1, TGG2). The concentrations of sugars were an order of magnitude greater in UK grown samples (up to 29.9 mg g-1 dry weight; dw). Sulfur content was significantly higher in the Italy plant samples (11.4 – 20.1 mg g-1 dw), which was in turn associated with higher concentrations of GSLs (pentyl GSL, up to 15.8 μmol g-1 dw; sinigrin, up to 0.005 μmol g-1 dw; glucoraphanin, up to 5.1 μmol g-1 dw; glucorucolamine, up to 23.6 μmol g-1 dw; neoglucobrassicin, up to 5.3 μmol g-1 dw) and hydrolysis products (sativin, up to 13.5 μmol g-1 dw; erucin, up to 1 μmol g-1 dw; sulforaphane, up to 34.7 μmol g-1 dw). VOC profiles of plants cultivated in the UK were distinct from Italy grown plants, with higher relative abundances of alkanes and esters in second cut and shelf-life (D5) samples. The data indicate a significant interaction of cultivar response with environment, highlighting the difficulty of producing Eruca crops with consistent phytochemical and postharvest traits. Genes with differential expression between plants grown in Italy and the UK could be used as markers of phytochemical quality and composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa grown in contrasting field environments differ on transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, significantly impacting nutritional quality

Bell,

Chadwick,

Puranik

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The genus Diplotaxis DC. is a member of the large Brassicaceae family, which includes over 4000 species with a relevant diversity in terms of plant architecture, leaf morphology, and content of nutraceutical compounds [ 1 , 2 ]. The genus includes over 30 species that originated from two main areas, including the Mediterranean basin, with a high level of endemic diversity in the northwest part of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula [ 3 ], and the western and southern Asian countries (mostly Turkey, Pakistan, and India) [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of High-Resolution Melting and DNA Barcoding for Discrimination and Taxonomy Definition of Rocket Salad (Diplotaxis spp.) Species

Tripodi

2023

Genes

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Nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA barcoding regions are useful for plant identification, breeding, and phylogenesis. In this study, the genetic diversity of 17 Diplotaxis species, was investigated with 5 barcode markers. The allelic variation was based on the sequences of chloroplast DNA markers including the spacer between trnL and trnF and tRNA-Phe gene (trnL-F), the rubisco (rbcl), the maturase K (matk), as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A highly polymorphic marker (HRM500) derived from a comparison of cytoplasmic genome sequences in Brassicaceae, was also included. Subsequently, a real-time PCR method coupled with HRM analysis was implemented to better resolve taxonomic relationships and identify assays suitable for species identification. Integration of the five barcode regions revealed a grouping of the species according to the common chromosomal set number. Clusters including species with n = 11 (D. duveryrieriana or cretacea, D. tenuifolia, D. simplex and D. acris), n = 8 (D. ibicensis, D. brevisiliqua and D. ilorcitana), and n = 9 (D. brachycarpa, D. virgata, D. assurgens, and D. berthautii) chromosomes were identified. Both phylogenetic analysis and the genetic structure of the collection identified D. siifolia as the most distant species. Previous studies emphasized this species’ extremely high glucosinolate content, particularly for glucobrassicin. High-resolution melting analysis showed specific curve patterns useful for the discrimination of the species, thus determining ITS1 as the best barcode for fingerprinting. Findings demonstrate that the approach used in this study is effective for taxa investigations and genetic diversity studies.

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Bioactive Compounds from Eruca sativa Seeds

et al. 2022

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Eruca sativa Miller (Brassicaceae) is an insect-pollinated diploid annual species which grows spontaneously in the entire Mediterranean basin from semi-arid to arid-hot conditions and is cultivated in Northern America, Europe, and Asia as either salad or oilseed crop. Here, some essential background was provided on this versatile crop, summarizing the present status of Eruca sativa research focusing on the wealth of bioactive ingredients in its seeds, which may find exploitation in agriculture, in the food industries and as nutraceuticals for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Fatty acids of Eruca sativa seed oil, gums, glucosinolates and soluble and insoluble phenol and flavonoid fractions in the defatted press cake are the main bioactive compounds considered to date by the scientific literature and that deserve attention for their physical and biological activities.

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Breeding Advances and Prospects in Rocket Salad (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa Mill.) Cultivation

Cited by 3 publications

References 112 publications

Genotypes of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa grown in contrasting field environments differ on transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, significantly impacting nutritional quality

Genotypes of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa grown in contrasting field environments differ on transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, significantly impacting nutritional quality

Application of High-Resolution Melting and DNA Barcoding for Discrimination and Taxonomy Definition of Rocket Salad (Diplotaxis spp.) Species

Bioactive Compounds from Eruca sativa Seeds

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