Breeding and Genetics of Pistachio: The California Program

Chao, Chih-Cheng T.; Parfitt, Dan E.; Ferguson, Louise; Kallsen, Craig E.; Maranto, Joseph

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1998.470.21

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Improved yield and quality can be achieved by high total yield, high percentage of splits and low blank ratio (Chao et al 1998). Some land races were distinguished by their better nut quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological investigation of genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera) germplasm in arid land of Tunisia

Ghrab¹

2012

Plecevo

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Background and aims -Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is an interesting crop for arid areas, well adapted to marginal lands and to drought conditions. Traditional production areas of Tunisia harbour an interesting diversity of pistachio germplasm. In order to identify and describe this diversity, a field study was conducted in the traditional pistachio production areas of El-Guetar and Sfax in 2004 and 2005. Material and Methods -A total of 256 female and male pistachio specimens were prospected and compared to the main commercial cultivar 'Mateur'. Flowering, tree habit, nut and seed characteristics were determined for 64 pistachio female land races from the El-Guetar oasis and 25 female land races from Sfax. Key results -Differences were observed among all the land races. Flowering and ripening time were particularly variable. Significant variation of nut weight from 0.48 to 1.03g was also observed. Some land races presented nut weight as much as 10% higher than 'Mateur' i.e. Fourati1 and Fourati10 from the region of Sfax and MTSG10, AMHA5 and EPE3 from the El-Guetar oasis. Blank production and split nuts ratio ranged respectively from 2 to 60% and from 14 to 95%. Furthermore, 20 land races had a blank production below 10% while 14 local land races had the split nuts ratio superior to 81% recorded for 'Mateur'. The phenotypic data were evaluated using cluster analysis. Parameters related to leaf and nut size and fruit quality had high discriminating values. Different groups of land races were identified with similar flowering periods, nut and seed characters for each cluster. Conclusion -The evaluation of germplasm in Tunisia revealed promising land races. Additional biochemical and molecular studies will provide the necessary complementary information that could result in potentially valuable land race selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The El Guetar oasis was rich with precocious specimens which give the market opportunities. Chao et al (1998) reported that valuable specimens may also be discovered by developing precocious and vigorous growing ones as well as those with either earlier or later ripening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological investigation of genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera) germplasm in arid land of Tunisia

Ghrab¹

2012

Plecevo

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“…For example, commercial production is based on a very limited number of clones, most of which are seedling selections not far removed from the wild (Maggs 1973;Hormaza et al 1994;Parfitt et al 2005). This fact is exemplified in the USA where commercial production is almost entirely based on the single cultivar 'Kerman' of Iranian origin (Parfitt 1991;Choa et al 1998). Also, pistachio breeding is a recent phenomenon with improvement programs based on controlled hybridizations operating only for the past two decades or less, limited mostly to the USA, Spain, and Turkey (Parfitt et al 1995(Parfitt et al , 2005Crane and Maranto 1988;Choa et al 1998;Mehlenbacher 2003;Hormaza and Wünsch 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact is exemplified in the USA where commercial production is almost entirely based on the single cultivar 'Kerman' of Iranian origin (Parfitt 1991;Choa et al 1998). Also, pistachio breeding is a recent phenomenon with improvement programs based on controlled hybridizations operating only for the past two decades or less, limited mostly to the USA, Spain, and Turkey (Parfitt et al 1995(Parfitt et al , 2005Crane and Maranto 1988;Choa et al 1998;Mehlenbacher 2003;Hormaza and Wünsch 2007). This narrow genetic base for production increases the pistachio industry's vulnerability to introductions of new diseases and insect pests, as well as changing climates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic resources of Pistacia vera L. in Central Asia

Khanazarov

Chernova

Rakhmonov

et al. 2009

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Pistacia vera L. is grown as an economically valuable crop in a number of semi-arid regions worldwide. However, the species remains quite underutilized when considering its wide native range and inherent genetic diversity. Central Asia represents a large and diverse region where a wealth of P. vera genetic resources exists. Much of this region, which is the center of diversity and/or the center of origin of many important crops, has been inaccessible to the western world for centuries. Since the break up of the Soviet Union, Central Asia has become increasingly open and opportunities for reciprocal germplasm exchange and scientific collaborations are growing. To bring increased attention to the valuable P. vera genetic resources endemic to this region, and to promote its better utilization, management, and preservation, a description and history of the species from a Central Asian perspective, along with recent and ongoing activities, are discussed here.

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“…'Gumdrop' is an open-pollinated offspring of female seedling 'B15-69', located in a selection plot near Famoso, CA, with 1410 seedlings, described in Chao et al (1998). 'B15-69' was developed as part of the Parfitt, Kallsen, and Maranto breeding project in the 1990s (Kallsen et al, 2009), from a cross of female 2-35, originally selected by Dr. J. Crane in the 1970s, and ES2, an early flowering male of unknown parentage.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Gumdrop’, a New Early Harvest Pistachio Cultivar

Kallsen¹,

Parfitt²

2017

horts

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‘Gumdrop’ is a new female pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivar for California. It matures earlier than all commercial cultivars with equivalent yield and nut quality to ‘Kerman’. ‘Gumdrop’ can be harvested about 10–12 days before ‘Golden Hills’ pistachio (Parfitt et al., 2007) and 24 days before ‘Kerman’, the standard pistachio cultivar grown in California (Parfitt et al., 2012). ‘Gumdrop’ has very good yield, nut quality, and processed nut appearance similar to ‘Golden Hills’ and ‘Kerman’. ‘Gumdrop’ blooms about 5 days before ‘Golden Hills’ and 10–11 days before ‘Kerman’. ‘Gumdrop’, ‘Golden Hills’, and ‘Kerman’ comprise a harvest series, maturing over a 24–30 day period. The early nut maturity of ‘Gumdrop’ will permit pistachio growers to extend their harvest period. The earlier maturing date of ‘Gumdrop’ also makes it less susceptible to insect damage from navel orangeworm, a major pest of pistachio implicated in the occurrence of aflatoxin contamination. An application for a U.S. Plant Patent was submitted on 4 Apr. 2016.

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Breeding and Genetics of Pistachio: The California Program

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological investigation of genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera) germplasm in arid land of Tunisia

Morphological investigation of genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera) germplasm in arid land of Tunisia

Genetic resources of Pistacia vera L. in Central Asia

‘Gumdrop’, a New Early Harvest Pistachio Cultivar

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