Breeding biology of the fairy prion<i>(Pachyptila turtur)</i>at the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand

Harper, Peter C.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1976.9517925

Cited by 46 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This agrees with other studies where food delivery was not modulated as chicks grew (Harper 1976;Ricklefs et al 1985), although Bolton (1995) and recorded increases in provisioning rates during the ®rst half of the nestling period in storm petrels Hydrobates pelagicus and fulmars Fulmarus glacialis. The large increase in feed size after age 10 days old in short-tailed shearwaters (Table 1) probably resulted from the inability of very young chicks to accept all of the food oered by their parents.…”

Section: Feeding Rates and Food Requirements Of Chickssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Chicks consume all the food brought back by their parents (Montague et al 1986). In this study, the mean mass of presumed double meals was close to twice that of presumed single meals, as found in other studies (Harper 1976;Ricklefs et al 1985;Hamer and Hill 1997), indicating that chicks accepted no less food from the second parent to return overnight than from the ®rst.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds: temporal and stochastic variation in provisioning and growth of short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris

et al. 1997

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Procellariiform seabirds such as short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris accumulate large quantities of lipid during the nestling period. The functional significance of this pattern of development remains unclear, but has been related both to temporal variation in feeding conditions around the colony and to stochastic variation in the foraging success of individual parents. This paper examines temporal and age-specific variation in the pattern of food delivery to nestling short-tailed shearwaters, which have one of the lowest provisioning rates of any procellariiforms and are known to experience occasional long intervals between feeds. We assess whether variation in the provisioning rates of chicks was associated primarily with temporal variation in food delivery at the level of the colony or with stochastic variation in food delivery at the level of the individual. We then discuss this variability in the context of nestling obesity. For all but the youngest chick age-classes, individual meals delivered by adults averaged 141 g, which was 25% of adult body mass. The proportion of chicks fed each night was low (49%) and highly variable (coefficient of variation = 82%), which means that occasional long intervals between feeds would be expected to arise simply by chance. In keeping with this, intervals between feeding events for individual chicks followed a negative exponential distribution with a mean of 2 nights and a maximum interval of 13 nights. There was significant temporal variation in food delivery, but deviations from expected values for both feeding frequency and meal size were restricted to a small number of nights, included values both higher and lower than expected and did not persist for more than 2 nights in succession. These data suggest that even among those species with very low feeding frequencies and occasional long intervals between feeds, nestling obesity in Procellariiformes should be regarded as a response to chronic stochastic variability in food delivery at the level of the individual chick rather than as insurance against sporadic temporal variation at the level of the colony.

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Section: Feeding Rates and Food Requirements Of Chickssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds: temporal and stochastic variation in provisioning and growth of short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris

et al. 1997

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“…2). In other species food delivery was similarly not modulated as chicks grew (Harper 1976;Ricklefs et al 1985), although Bolton (1995a) and Hamer & Thompson (1997) recorded increases in provisioning rates during the first half of the nestling period in British Storm-petrels and Fulmars. There was a slight increase in feed size with age up to 10 days in the present study (Table 1), probably resulting from an inability of very young chicks to accept all of the food provided by their parents.…”

Section: Chicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ricklefs & Schew (1994) used a growth model based on data for Leach's Storm-petrel to propose a new explanation for lipid accumulation by nestling shearwaters and perhaps other species, that lipid reserves provide insurance against stochastic variation in food delivery to the chick. Adults feed their chicks large meals at intervals of several days and more or less independently of their partners (Harper 1976;Warham, Keeley & Wilson 1977;Weimerskirch et al 1994), and so the nutritional state of a chick at one feed may convey little information about its requirements when that parent next returns. This, coupled with highly variable foraging success at sea, means that parents may not be able to adjust their level of provisioning according to the short-term nutritional requirements of their chick, and may instead provide an excess of food on average in order to minimize the probability that the chick would starve by chance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nestling obesity and variability of food delivery in Manx Shearwaters, Puffinus puffinus

Hamer

Hill

1997

Functional Ecology

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1. Procellariiform seabirds such as Manx Shearwaters, Puffinus puffinus, accumulate large quantities of lipid during the nestling period, the purpose of which remains unclear. This paper examines temporal and age‐specific variation in the pattern of food delivery to nestling Manx Shearwaters, to determine whether food delivery was likely to be determined primarily by the availability of food to adults at sea or by a chick’s short‐term nutritional requirements. The variability in daily food delivery to chicks in the context of nestling obesity is then discussed. 2. For all but the youngest and oldest age classes, individual meals delivered by adults averaged 49 g, which was 12% of mean adult mass over the same period. More than 80% of chicks were fed each night and the maximum interval between feeding events for any chick was four nights. Feeding conditions did exert some influence over the ability of adults to feed their offspring, but deviations from expected values for both feeding frequency and meal size were restricted to a small number of nights, included values both higher and lower than expected and did not persist for more than one night in succession. These results were not compatible with the notion that large lipid reserves accumulated by chicks during their development provide insurance against prolonged interruptions to feeding. 3. Although adults did not appear to modulate food delivery over the nestling period, there was some evidence of short‐term adjustment of feeding frequency (but not meal size) according to a chick’s immediate nutritional requirements. This suggests that variation in the provisioning rates of chicks did not result solely from stochastic variation in parental foraging success. However, the effect was slight and despite such minor adjustments, the coefficient of variation in daily provisioning rate was not substantially lower than in other species where the chick has no influence on parental food delivery. This suggests that even among those species that feed their chicks at comparatively frequent intervals, lipid accumulation among Procellariiformes may result from chronic overfeeding of chicks in order to reduce the impact of variable food provisioning by individual parents.

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“…Regardless of their ecological meaning, patterns of food delivery can be thought of as characteristics that vary among species and both temporally and geographically within species, and that are relevant to the evolution of brood size, rate of chick growth, pattern of development, parental brooding period, and strategy of energy storage by chicks. Data on meal size and feeding frequency are available for few species (e.g., Brown 1975, Harper 1976, Payne and Prince 1979, and they have yet to be anaAccepted lyzed in any detail. I believe, however, that such data can reveal information concerning variability in feeding conditions related to weather, ocean conditions, time of season, year, and locality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal Sizes and Feeding Rates of Christmas Shearwaters and Phoenix Petrels on Christmas Island, Central Pacific Ocean

Ricklefs¹

1984

Ornis Scandinavica

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Breeding biology of the fairy prion(Pachyptila turtur)at the Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds: temporal and stochastic variation in provisioning and growth of short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris

Nestling obesity in procellariiform seabirds: temporal and stochastic variation in provisioning and growth of short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris

Nestling obesity and variability of food delivery in Manx Shearwaters, Puffinus puffinus

Meal Sizes and Feeding Rates of Christmas Shearwaters and Phoenix Petrels on Christmas Island, Central Pacific Ocean

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