Breeding bird community and mixed-species flocking in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in western Madagascar

Hino, T.

doi:10.2326/osj.1.111

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In some cases, a particular species is described as the nuclear species, such as greenlets in the Amazon rainforest. In some systems, these flocks have the same multi-species territoriality as understory mixed flocks and antwren flocks [37,39,41,95,107,108,134,144,146]. small and colourful insectivores; blue and green tanager and honeycreeper clustersminor mixed flocksa smaller version of other flock systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A classification scheme for mixed-species bird flocks

Mangini

Rutt²,

Sridhar

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The literature on mixed-species flocks references a wide variety of bird associations. These studies, however, have used an array of unstructured characteristics to describe flocks, ranging from the temporal occurrence of flocking to the identity and behavioural features of constituent members, with little consensus on which key traits define and characterize a mixed-species flock. Moreover, although most studies report species-specific roles, there is no clear consensus about what these roles signify nor how to define them. This lack of consistency limits our ability to compare flocks from different habitats, regions and species pools. To unify this sizable body of literature, we reviewed and synthesized 538 studies on mixed-species flocks. We propose 13 categories to classify mixed-species flocks using behavioural and physical traits at the flock and participant level, as well as the habitat where the flock occurs. Lastly, we discuss the historical terminology for different species roles and propose definitions to clarify and distinguish among nuclear, leader, sentinel, and flock-following species. We envision that these guidelines will provide a universal language for mixed-species flock research, paving the way for future comparisons and new insight between different regions and systems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A classification scheme for mixed-species bird flocks

Mangini

Rutt²,

Sridhar

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the specific case of Philopteroides from bulbuls, no records of phoretic lice are known, and host behavioral data of bulbuls that could be used to ascertain whether the other mechanisms discussed above are valid transmission routes are limited. Bulbuls are frequent members of mixed-species flocks (e.g., McClure, 1967;Partridge and Ashcroft, 1976;Hino, 2002;Kotagama and Goodale, 2004;Zou et al, 2011;Srinivasan et al, 2012;Sridhar and Shanker, 2014;Chandran and Vishnudas, 2018), and intraspecific kleptoparasitism has been observed in some bulbuls (Partridge and Ashcroft, 1976). Significantly, heterospecific bulbul assemblages may feed at the same fig trees, and interspecific aggression at these feeding sites have been reported repeatedly (e.g., Sanitjan and Chen, 2009;Wydhayagarn et al, 2009;Sreekar et al, 2010;Kamtaeja et al, 2012;Shermila and Wikramsinghe, 2013;Balakrishnan, 2014).…”

Section: Transfer Of Head Licementioning

confidence: 99%

Coevolutionary analysis of the Philopteroides Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitizing bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)

Ren

Gustafsson²,

Tian³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAvian head lice comprise a diverse group of distantly related genera of lice that exhibit a strongly convergent morphology. Due to their lack of free-living stages, their strong morphological adaptations to living on the host’s head, and the limited opportunities for transfer between hosts during mating or nesting, the lateral transmission of head lice between non-conspecific hosts may be presumed to be restricted. Despite this, many species of head lice are ostensibly host generalists. We here examine lice of the head louse genus Philopteroides Mey, 2004, from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae).MethodsWe use two different methods, ParaFit and Jane, to get insights on the co-evolutionary history of Philopteroides species and their bulbul hosts. Jane was run with a variation of event costs.ResultsOur phylogenetic analysis indicate that several morphologically cryptic species can be found in this group, most of which appear to be host specific. However, co-phylogenetic analyses indicate that host-switching has been common in the history of these lice, and co-speciation events have been rarer than expected. Moreover, lowest-cost co-evolutionary reconstructions under a variety of event costs are indistinguishable from random. An expanded dataset with more Philopterus-complex lice was found to be evenly balanced between host-switching and co-speciation events.DiscussionThe transfer of avian head lice between host species is poorly understood, but evidently fairly common. Several potential routes are discussed, but direct evidence is missing. Potentially, the presence of multiple bulbul species at fruiting trees may be an important factor in this transfer. However, such transfer routes also do not explain why Philopteroides lice on bulbuls appear to be distinct from those of other hosts. Moreover, as many of the species recovered in our analysis are morphologically indistinguishable, cryptic speciation appears to be common in this group.

show abstract

“…Multi-species flocks have also been seen in Australia, where it is quite common to see Galahs (Rose-breasted), Greater Sulfur-crested Cockatoos and Corellas eating and flying together. They are considered as multi-species flocks even though composed of parrots because parrots comprise many different species within the psitticine genus (Hino, 2002;Jullien and Thiollay, 1998;Munn and Terborgh, 1979). Piping plovers also appear to roost in multi-species flocks (Nicholls and Baldassarre, 1990).…”

Section: Collective Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%