Breeding Corn to Reduce Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination

Betr√°n, Javier; Odvody, G. N.; Mayfield, Kerry; Isakeit, Thomas

doi:10.1201/9781420028171.ch17

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In this study, the B73o2/o2 × CML161 RILs (and parents) were testcrossed to LH195, a commercial line belonging in the stiff stalk heterotic group (Bello, 2007;Gutiérrez-Rojas et al, 2008; Gutiérrez-Rojas et al, kernels on the ground between the rows of maize at a rate of 1 kg per 60 m of fi eld row just before silking. This approach allows for more natural ear colonization (Betrán et al, 2005), using a mixture of locally available isolates. Findings between these two nonwounding inoculation methods tend to show correlation but have not been formally tested to our knowledge.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-row plots at Corpus Christi were inoculated by dispersing A. flavus colonized maize kernels on the ground between the rows of maize at a rate of 1 kg per 60 m of field row just before silking. This approach allows for more natural ear colonization (Betrán et al, 2005), using a mixture of locally available isolates. Findings between these two nonwounding inoculation methods tend to show correlation but have not been formally tested to our knowledge.…”

Section: Traits Analyzedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genotypes, replications, blocks nested within replications, and environments were considered random eff ects in both single location and combined analysis, so that best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) could be calculated. To equalize the variances and normalize the afl atoxin data, log 10 transformation was used (Betrán et al, 2005). A log 10 transformation was also used on grain yield to equalize the variances and normalize the data for analysis across environments.…”

Section: Statistical and Qtl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LH195 is susceptible to afl atoxin accumulation and is used as a stiff stalk tester in the Texas maize improvement program. It has allowed for the detection of diff erences in afl atoxin accumulation between inbreds when evaluated as hybrids (Betrán et al, 2005;unpublished data). Also included in this trial were three commercial hybrids as checks (P31B13, Pioneer Hi-Bred; DKC66-80, Monsanto; and BH9012, B-H Genetics).…”

Section: Statistical and Qtl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to afl atoxin contamination has been reported as having a genetic component with moderate to low heritability (Walker and White, 2001;Campbell and White, 1995;Warburton et al, 2009). Betrán et al (2005) suggested that selection for agronomic traits related to reducing afl atoxin accumulations with high heritabilities may allow indirect selection for reduced afl atoxin content in maize. Evaluation of the impact of an agronomic trait on afl atoxin accumulation has been limited to traits that directly aff ect fungal introduction and development, for example, kernel texture, husk coverage, and ear rot.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

et al. 2011

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Aflatoxins, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr, constrain maize (Zea mays) production in some regions. Difficulties in breeding resistance to this toxin make it a good target for quantitative trait iocus (QTL) identification and molecular-assisted breeding. Multiple QTL have been identified for aflatoxin resistance in inbred lines per se; however, it has not been determined if aflatoxin resistance QTL would be useful in hybrids or have deleterious pleiotropic effects. The objectives were to confirm the presence, in testcrosses, of QTL estimates previously identified in lines per se; estimate new QTL for reducing aflatoxin accumulations and agronomic traits in hybrids; and evaluate co-localization of QTL that suggest pleiotropic effects with measured traits. Plant height, flowering time, starch, oil, and protein were also included in the analysis. Significant environment and genetic x environment interaction were detected for most traits. Heritability estimates were equivalent to those previously reported, and no meaningful correlations were detected between aflatoxin accumulation and other traits. Ninety-three QTL were detected across 14 traits measured in five environments. Aflatoxin-reducing QTL detected in per se analyses were detected in testcrosses on chromosome 1, with new QTL detected on chromosomes 3, 4, 8, and 9. Co-localization of aflatoxin-reducing QTL detected on chromosome 9 with QTL for silking date suggests a pleiotropic effect based on avoidance or agronomics and not a resistance QTL.

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Section: Materials and Methods Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Traits Analyzedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical and Qtl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical and Qtl Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

et al. 2011

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Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Maize

Tiwari

Choudhary

Padiya

et al. 2022

Genotyping by Sequencing for Crop Improvement

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Effect of grain coverage disruption on aflatoxins in maize and sorghum

Nakasagga

McHugh

Mayfield

et al. 2021

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Aflatoxins are dangerous mycotoxins in crop production, demonstrated to reduce crop quality and value through both pre-and post-harvest contamination. Aflatoxin contamination is encountered much more frequently in maize (Zea mays L.) than its close relative sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. This study focused on evaluating the effect of grain coverage on aflatoxin accumulation in both crops; comparing coverage of the female inflorescence (exposed sorghum grain vs. husk covered maize grain) as well as the impact of paper bag coverage during pollination activities. The maize and sorghum female inflorescence were further manipulated by either decreasing or increasing the grain coverage. Two specific hypotheses were statistically tested for aflatoxin accumulation in grain from inoculated inflorescences: aflatoxin accumulation changes in maize and sorghum inflorescences when they are modified from their natural state, and aflatoxin accumulation varies between natural and artificial covering of inflorescences. Aflatoxin data collected from 2 yr of inoculating Aspergillus flavus into maize ears and sorghum panicles indicated that modifying the inflorescences of both species had the largest effects in increasing aflatoxin amounts. Substituting natural coverage of maize and bagging sorghum panicles increased aflatoxin accumulation significantly. This study demonstrated that sorghum may accumulate substantial aflatoxins when it is inoculated and the inflorescence is modified by covering with a paper pollinating bag. Substituting maize husks with paper pollinating bags also substantially increased aflatoxin accumulation in maize. INTRODUCTIONAflatoxins are carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp. fungi that infect numerous crops both preand post-harvest. Aspergillus flavus infects maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], rice (Oryza sativa L.), cottonseed (Gossypium spp.), and peanutThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Breeding Corn to Reduce Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

Confirmation of QTL Reducing Aflatoxin in Maize Testcrosses

Recent Advances and Applicability of GBS, GWAS, and GS in Maize

Effect of grain coverage disruption on aflatoxins in maize and sorghum

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