Breeding Enhancement of Musca domestica L. 1758: Egg Load as a Measure of Optimal Larval Density

Abstract

The amount of waste produced by the population creates general health problems in terms of public health and hygiene. In recent years the common housefly (Musca domestica L. 1758; Dipteran: Muscidae) has been widely used in the treatment of organic wastes. This study aims to assess the effect of egg loading of the common housefly on maggot development and waste reduction. Housefly larvae were reared at four egg loads (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg) under three different diets (wheat bran, millet bran, cow dung). Two-factor ANOVA (α = 0.05) was used to test the effect of two fixed factors (egg load and substrate) on larval biomass, the survival rate from egg hatching until the last larval instar, number of larvae and substrate reduction rate. The comparison of means based on Duncan’s test was performed to compare the means of the different variables measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the relationship between the measured variables (larval biomass, the survival rate from egg hatching until the last larval instar, number of larvae, and substrate reduction rate) on the discrimination of the egg load factor. The results showed that under the same nutritional conditions, the yield of housefly larvae, the number of larvae and the reduction of substrates increased with increasing egg load. Indeed, at each of three substrates, the rearing egg load of 10 mg resulted in the maximum larval yield, maximum number of larvae, and maximum substrate reduction rate. At this optimum load, wheat bran generated greater biomass, greater number of larvae and greater reduction of substrate compared to millet bran and cow dung. The egg load as a whole had no effect on the survival rate from egg hatching until the last larval instar, unlike substrate type. The high egg load for the survival rate (from egg hatching until the last larval instar) for millet bran was 1.25 while there was no difference for the other two substrates. These results can help to make the waste treatment process efficient with the subsequent production of a large larval biomass that can serve as added value in animal feed. The egg load of 10 mg and the wheat bran were superior respectively to the other egg load and substrates type for all parameters tested excepted for the survival rate (from egg hatching until the last larval instar). Ours study indicated that larval biomass, larval number, egg viability and substrate rate reduction of Musca domestica are affected by the egg load, substrate type and their interaction.

Community Service Village Development Partner PKM- PDM Waste Independent Village in Keling Jepara Village

“…The amount of waste produced by residents raises general health problems in terms of public health and hygiene (Leyo et al, 2021). Several species of flies are used for recycling organic waste, including Hermetia illucens.…”

How Rearing Systems for Various Species of Flies Benefit Humanity

“…Bran and blood; Millet bran, wheat bran, and cow dung (70% humidity adjusted by adding tap water to dry substrates); Poultry, pig, and cow manure, garbage, food scrapes, concentrated pig slurry; Maze bran Water and a mixture of sugar and powdered milk; A mixture of powdered milk and granulated sugar, water; A liquid formula, including water, sugar, milk, and other ingredients not reported; Honey, a mixture of 50% dry milk and 50% sugar. Fruit: banana, pineapple and papaya [ 22 , 63 , 67 , 193 , 194 ] Philornis downsi Dodge and Aitken Research for pest control Chicken blood, or chicken blood added with hydrolyzed protein, milk powder, or brewer’s yeast A diet consisting of water, ripe papaya, sugar, hydrolyzed protein, and milk powder [ 195 ] Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) To produce healthy individuals for experimentation. Research on pest control; Conduct research to establish alternatives of parasite control methods; A mixture of wheat bran, wood shavings, fish meal, ammonium bicarbonate and water; Alfalfa hay and water; A mixture of crushed dry dog food, beer yeast and blood meal, mixed with vermiculite Bovine blood with sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate and water; Citrated equine blood, plus a mixture of brown sugar mixed with tap water; Bovine blood [ 196 , 197 , 198 ] Sarcophagidae Agria housei Shewell Parasitoid–Biocontrol against lepidopteran pests Media based on salmon and fresh liver Not indicated [ 64 ] Boettcherisca peregrina Robineau-Desvoidy Waste treatment.…”

Unravelling the genetics of fat accumulation in the house fly to foster circular economy

“…Several studies have also reported on the use of food waste and other waste products as a house fly substrate (Niu et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2019; (Qi et al, 2019;Eddy et al, 2021;Hamidou Leyo et al, 2021). Whereas these studies indicate that these substrates can be highly suitable the ingredients used often lack a suitable description, which hampers a good interpretation of the data.…”