Breeding for anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn.) resistance in sorghum: challenges and opportunities

Mengistu, Girma; Shimelis, Hussein; Laing, Mark; Lule, Dagnachew

doi:10.21475/ajcs.18.12.12.p1230

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Plants encounter various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which have caused crop yield loss globally [ 17 ]. Anthracnose disease in sorghum, generally caused by C. sublineola , brings great damage to the production of sorghum, especially for susceptible sorghum cultivars [ 10 , 15 ]. In this study, the role of sorghum EW in defending plants from anthracnose was determined in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Epicuticular Wax on Anthracnose Resistance of Sorghum bicolor

Xiong

Liao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cuticular waxes are mixtures of hydrophobic compounds covering land plant surfaces and play key roles in plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, it is still not clear whether the epicuticular wax could protect the plants from infection by anthracnose, one of the most important plant diseases worldwide, which seriously infects sorghum and causes great yield loss. In this study, Sorghum bicolor L., an important C4 crop with high wax coverage, was selected to analyze the relationship between epicuticular wax (EW) and anthracnose resistance. In vitro analysis indicated that the sorghum leaf wax significantly inhibited the anthracnose mycelium growth of anthracnose on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, with the plaque diameter smaller than that grown on medium without wax. Then, the EWs were removed from the intact leaf with gum acacia, followed by the inoculation of Colletotrichum sublineola. The results indicated that the disease lesion was remarkably aggravated on leaves without EW, which showed decreased net photosynthetic rate and increased intercellular CO2 concentrations and malonaldehyde content three days after inoculation. Transcriptome analysis further indicated that 1546 and 2843 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were regulated by C. sublineola infection in plants with and without EW, respectively. Among the DEG encoded proteins and enriched pathways regulated by anthracnose infection, the cascade of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, ABC transporters, sulfur metabolism, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis were mainly regulated in plants without EW. Overall, the EW increases plant resistance to C. sublineola by affecting physiological and transcriptome responses through sorghum epicuticular wax, improving our understanding of its roles in defending plants from fungi and ultimately benefiting sorghum resistance breeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sorghum is one of the crops susceptible to C. sublineola. It was reported that anthracnose caused yield losses up to 67% in susceptible sorghum cultivars [ 15 ]. These results suggested that the high wax coverage on sorghum did not guarantee the sorghum disease resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Epicuticular Wax on Anthracnose Resistance of Sorghum bicolor

Xiong

Liao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…When sorghum anthracnose occurs, all tissues of sorghum can be infected. Therefore, without efficient disease management practices, the disease can devastate the whole crop [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Sorghum Anthracnose in Kenya and Screening of Sorghum Germplasm for Resistance to Anthracnose

Koima

Kilalo

Orek

et al. 2023

JoF

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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of sorghum with annual yield losses of up to 100%. Although the resistance to anthracnose has been identified elsewhere, the usefulness of the resistance loci differs depending on the pathogen species and pathotypes. Accurate species identification of the disease-causing fungal pathogens is essential for developing and implementing suitable management strategies. The use of host resistance is the most effective strategy of anthracnose management and therefore identification of sources for resistance against unique pathogen pathotypes is fundamental. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize Colletotrichum species associated with sorghum anthracnose and screen sorghum germplasm for resistance to anthracnose. Symptomatic sorghum leaf samples were collected from smallholder farmers in lower eastern Kenya and used for the isolation, identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species using morpho-cultural and phylogenetic analyses with the sequences of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity tests of the seven fungal isolates showed that there were no significant differences in the pathogenicity on host plants. The fungal isolates were variable in cultural and morphological characters such as colony type and color, colony diameter, mycelia growth and hyaline. The phenotypic characters observed were useful in the identification of the genus Colletotrichum and not the species. Based on the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, Colletotrichum sublineola was revealed to be associated with anthracnose on sorghum. Germplasm screening for resistance to anthracnose showed differential reactions of sorghum genotypes to anthracnose under greenhouse and field conditions. The results revealed four resistant genotypes and ten susceptible genotypes against Colletotrichum sublineola. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences were observed in grain weight, grain yield, weight of 100 seeds and harvest index among the tested sorghum genotypes. The present study indicated that the Kenyan accessions could be an important source of resistance to anthracnose. The findings from this study provide a platform towards devising efficient disease control strategies and resistance breeding.

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“…Diseases, such as stalk rot, downy mildew, grain mold, rust, head smut, leaf blight, and anthracnose are constraining global sorghum production (Wang et al, 2006;Little et al, 2012;Tesso et al, 2012;Das and Rajendrakumar, 2016;Mengistu et al, 2018). Because of its wide distribution and ability to infect all above ground parts of the plant, anthracnose caused by the destructive fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola is one the most important diseases of sorghum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is causing significant yield losses annually, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions where there are favorable climatic conditions for disease development (Erpelding, 2008). Yield losses of up to 67% due to anthracnose are recorded in susceptible sorghum cultivars (Mengistu et al, 2018) but, without efficient disease management practices, the pathogen can devastate the whole crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Sorghum–Colletotrichum sublineola Interactions for Enhanced Host Resistance

et al. 2021

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Improving sorghum resistance is a sustainable method to reduce yield losses due to anthracnose, a devastating disease caused by Colletotrichum sublineola. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of sorghum–C. sublineola interactions would help identify biomarkers for rapid and efficient identification of novel sources for host-plant resistance improvement, understanding the pathogen virulence, and facilitating resistance breeding. Despite concerted efforts to identify resistance sources, the knowledge about sorghum–anthracnose interactions remains scanty. Hence, in this review, we presented an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of sorghum-C. sublineola molecular interactions, sources of resistance for sorghum breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTL), and major (R-) resistance gene sequences as well as defense-related genes associated with anthracnose resistance. We summarized current knowledge about C. sublineola populations and its virulence. Illustration of the sorghum-C. sublineola interaction model based on the current understanding is also provided. We highlighted the importance of genomic resources of both organisms for integrated omics research to unravel the key molecular components underpinning compatible and incompatible sorghum–anthracnose interactions. Furthermore, sorghum-breeding strategy employing rapid sorghum germplasm screening, systems biology, and molecular tools is presented.

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Breeding for anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn.) resistance in sorghum: challenges and opportunities

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

The Effects of Epicuticular Wax on Anthracnose Resistance of Sorghum bicolor

The Effects of Epicuticular Wax on Anthracnose Resistance of Sorghum bicolor

Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Sorghum Anthracnose in Kenya and Screening of Sorghum Germplasm for Resistance to Anthracnose

Understanding the Sorghum–Colletotrichum sublineola Interactions for Enhanced Host Resistance

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