Breeding season and aspects of reproduction of female goats.

Amoah, E.A.; Gelaye, S.; Guthrie, P.; Rexroad, Caird E.

doi:10.2527/1996.744723x

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The changes of sexual activity resulting from the treatment by long days permitted our Alpine bucks to induce the reproductive activity of Alpine does during seasonal anestrous, despite the well-established high seasonality of this breed (Mohammad et al, 1984;Amoah et al, 1996). An intense sexual behavior and strong odor of males could explain the fact that light-treated males were able to induce the reproductive activity of anestrous Alpine goats, whereas control bucks were not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In male and female goats from temperate latitudes, the breeding season lasts from early autumn to late winter (Delgadillo et al, 1991;Amoah et al, 1996). This reproductive seasonality persists in male and female Alpine goats raised in subtropical latitudes (Mohammad et al, 1984) or when subjected artificially to tropical photoperiodic variations (Chemineau et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of reproductive activity in anovulatory Alpine goats exposed to bucks treated only with artificially long days

Delgadillo

Vélez

2010

Animal

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Two experiments were conducted in a subtropical latitude to determine the response of Alpine male goats to a treatment with artificially long days (experiment 1), and the response of anovulatory lactating Alpine does exposed to males treated only with artificially long days (experiment 2). In experiment 1, one group of males was kept under natural photoperiod ( n 5 4) while another was exposed to 2.5 months of artificially long days (16 h of light/day) from 1 December ( n 5 4). Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined weekly. Intensity of odor of males was determined every 2 weeks. Sexual behavior of bucks was observed during 3 days about 90 days after the end of the long day treatment. A treatment-by-time interaction was detected for testosterone secretion ( P , 0.001). In control males, low plasma concentrations of testosterone were observed from March to June. In contrast, in long-day treated males, high levels of testosterone were observed from March to June ( P , 0.05). A treatment-by-time interaction was detected for the intensity of male odor ( P , 0.01). The male odor was stronger in long-day treated bucks than in untreated ones from March to June ( P , 0.05). The number of ano-genital sniffing, nudging and flehmen was greater in long-day treated males than in untreated ones when exposed to anestrous does ( P , 0.05). In experiment 2, one group of males was left under natural photoperiod variations ( n 5 5) and the other ( n 5 5) was submitted to the same photoperiodic treatment described in experiment 1. On 3 May, three untreated and three long-day treated males were put in contact with anestrous Alpine does left under natural photoperiod. Fertility was higher in does exposed to light-treated males (36/45, 80%) than those in contact with untreated ones (3/45, 7%; P , 0.05). Prolificacy was similar ( P . 0.05) in does exposed to treated (1.8 6 0.1) and untreated males (1.7 6 0.3). These results indicate that the sexual activity of Alpine male goats raised in subtropical latitudes can be induced using only artificially long days and that such males are effective in stimulating reproductive activity in anovulatory females in late spring.Keywords: seasonal anestrous, photoperiod, male effect, sexual behavior, ovulation ImplicationsThese results demonstrated that, in lactating Alpine female goats raised in subtropical latitudes, sexual activity can be induced during the anestrous season by exposure to males rendered sexually active by a long-day treatment. These results have an important practical application because they show that in subtropical latitudes the photoperiodic treatment of females is not necessary to stimulate their reproductive activity by the male effect, in contrast to that reported for the same breed under temperate latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of reproductive activity in anovulatory Alpine goats exposed to bucks treated only with artificially long days

Delgadillo

Vélez

2010

Animal

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“…We report a greater number of kids per dam that appears not to have affected fetus development. Normal BW at birth indicates that the experimental animals were in optimal conditions throughout gestation (Amoah et al, 1996).…”

Section: Mean Dmi Litter Size Kid Bw Goat Bw and Milk Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis of plasma insulin level around parturition in relation to parity in Saanen goats1

Magistrelli

Rosi

2014

Journal of Animal Science

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The present study investigated the effect of parity on plasma insulin level around parturition in Saanen goats. 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 from parturition, plasma glucose, NEFA, free AA, cortisol, and insulin concentrations were analyzed in 10 primiparous and 10 multiparous goats. At parturition, BW of primiparous goats was about 75% of that of multiparous ones (P < 0.001) and then their milk production was lower than that of multiparous ones (P < 0.001). At parturition, glucose increased (P < 0.01) in both primiparous and multiparous goats and then decreased (P < 0.01) on d 3 of lactation, remaining higher (P < 0.01) in primiparous than multiparous goats until the end of the study period. In both groups, free AA decreased (P < 0.01) at parturition, returning to prepartum levels (P < 0.01) on d 3 of lactation without difference between groups. Only in multiparous goats, plasma NEFA increased at parturition (P < 0.01), returning to prepartum levels on d 14 (P < 0.01). Changes in glucose and AA could have been caused by cortisol, which increased (P < 0.01) at parturition in both primiparous and multiparous goats, returning to prepartum levels (P < 0.01) on d 7 of lactation, without difference between the parity groups. In multiparous goats, insulin decreased soon after parturition (P < 0.05), remaining at low levels until the end of the study period, whereas in primiparous goats, insulin did not vary until d 14 of lactation, when it decreased (P < 0.05) also in this group. Therefore, between d 3 and 14 of lactation, insulin was higher in primiparous than multiparous goats (P < 0.05). Only in primiparous goats, at kidding, insulin was negatively correlated to BW (P < 0.01), and after parturition it was negatively correlated with milk yield (P < 0.05) and plasma NEFA (P < 0.05). We hypothesize that higher insulin levels in primiparous Saanen goats, which are still immature at their first breeding season, acted to limit both the mobilization of bodily reserves and the capture of nutrients by the lactating mammary gland, thus providing nutrients for their own physical and physiological development.

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“…Under temperate latitudes (.408), all breeds show marked reproductive seasonality (Mohammad et al, 1984;Amoah et al, 1996). By contrast, under subtropical latitudes (238 to 408), local or adapted breeds of goats showed different annual rhythm in their sexual activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and social cues can be used in combination to develop sustainable breeding techniques for goat reproduction in the subtropics

2011

Animal

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Goat breeds from subtropical latitudes show different annual reproductive cycles. Some of them display large seasonal variations in their annual breeding season, while others display a moderate seasonality or sexual activity all year round. This reproductive seasonality causes seasonality of milk, cheese and meat productions and, as a consequence, induces wide variation in producer incomes. To solve this problem and provide methods allowing producers to breed animals during the anestrous period and stabilize production all year round, it is necessary to have a deep knowledge of their annual sexual activity and to identify the environmental factors controlling the timing of the annual reproductive cycle. Then, it is possible to build on these knowledge sustainable breeding techniques adapted to the environmental, economic and social characteristics of the local breeding system. In this review, I will illustrate this strategy through the example of our experiments in subtropical goats. First, we determined the characteristics of the annual breeding season in both male and female goats. Second, we identified the photoperiod as the major environmental factor controlling the timing of this annual breeding season. Third, we used the photoperiod to stimulate indirectly the sexual behavior of does. Indeed, we used photoperiodic treatments to stimulate the sexual activity of bucks during the non-breeding season. These sexually active male goats were then used to induce and synchronize the estrous behavior and ovulatory activity of anestrous females in confined or grazing conditions by using the 'male effect'. Under subtropical conditions, these results constitute an original manner to control the reproductive activity of local goats using the photoperiod combined with the 'male effect.'

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Breeding season and aspects of reproduction of female goats.

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Stimulation of reproductive activity in anovulatory Alpine goats exposed to bucks treated only with artificially long days

Stimulation of reproductive activity in anovulatory Alpine goats exposed to bucks treated only with artificially long days

Trend analysis of plasma insulin level around parturition in relation to parity in Saanen goats1

Environmental and social cues can be used in combination to develop sustainable breeding techniques for goat reproduction in the subtropics

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