Breeding Season Survival of Female Lesser Scaup in the Northern Boreal Forest

Brook, Rodney K.; Clark, Robert G.

doi:10.14430/arctic384

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previous studies in the boreal-forest report that scaup female survival probability was 0.80 during the first 42 days of the breeding season, prior to brood rearing (Brook and Clark 2005), and 0.80 during the brood-rearing period (44 days; Walker and Lindberg 2005) for females that obviously bred. Therefore mortality during the nesting and broodrearing periods (0.36) constitutes a substantial portion of annual mortality of breeding scaup.…”

Section: Female Survivalmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The relatively high survival may have been a result of low breeding effort at our study area. Brook and Clark (2005) did not determine reproductive status of females, but Safine (2005) found that survival probability of eggproducing white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) was lower than that of non-egg-producing females. Survival of female scaup may vary spatially across the continent (Lake et al 2006), and temporally, based on reproductive effort.…”

Section: Female Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has provided managers with information on population dynamics of many waterfowl species nesting in the prairie and parkland regions of North America (e.g., Johnson et al 1992, Rohwer 1992, Beauchamp et al 1996, but data on ducks breeding in the boreal-forest region are lacking even though the region is used by .34% of the continental waterfowl population (Wilkins et al 2006). Breeding ecology of boreal ducks is poorly described with only a few studies of nest survival (Grand 1995, Fournier and Hines 1998, Safine 2005, Corcoran et al 2007) and female survival (Brook and Clark 2005). Furthermore, the boreal forest is the most critical breeding area for some species that are currently declining, such as lesser scaup (Aythya affinis; Austin et al 2000, Afton and.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska

et al. 2009

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Information on the ecology of waterfowl breeding in the boreal forest is lacking, despite the boreal region's importance to continental waterfowl populations and to duck species that are currently declining, such as lesser scaup (Aythya affinis). We estimated breeding probability and breeding season survival of female lesser scaup on the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA, in 2005 and 2006. We captured and marked 93 lesser scaup with radiotransmitters during prelaying and nesting periods. Although all marked lesser scaup females were paired throughout prelaying and incubation periods, we estimated breeding probability over both years as 0.12 (SE 5 0.05, n 5 67) using telemetry. Proportion of lesser scaup females undergoing rapid follicle growth at capture in 2006 was 0.46 (SE 5 0.11, n 5 37), based on concentration of yolk precursors in blood plasma. By combining methods based on telemetry, yolk precursors, and postovulatory follicles, we estimated maximum breeding probability as 0.68 (SE 5 0.08, n 5 37) in 2006. Notably, breeding probability was positively related to female body mass. Survival of female lesser scaup during the nesting and brood-rearing periods was 0.92 (SE 5 0.05) in 2005 and 0.86 (SE 5 0.08) in 2006. Our results suggest that breeding probability is lower than expected for lesser scaup. In addition, the implicit assumption of continental duck-monitoring programs that all paired females attempt to breed should be reevaluated. Recruitment estimates based on annual breeding-pair surveys may overestimate productivity of scaup pairs in the boreal forest. (JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 73(6):914-923; 2009) N MJ~x J P J i~1Ŝ J

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Section: Female Survivalmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Female Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska

et al. 2009

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“…Recently, Koons et al () demonstrated variability in the importance of different vital rates, with low reproductive success best‐explaining scaup population declines recorded after the mid‐1980s and juvenile female survival being more important than adult female survival in explaining long‐term population fluctuations. Most annual mortality of female scaup appears to occur during the breeding season when nesting females are vulnerable to predators (Rotella et al , Brook and Clark ) and productivity in the boreal forest was positively associated with abundance of small mammals, the staple prey of many duck nest predators (Brook et al ). This suggests that annual survival may be high when small mammals are abundant.…”

Section: Global Climate Indices Anticipated Ecological Effects In Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual survival in female white‐winged scoters and lesser scaup

Slattery

Clark

2019

J Wildl Manag

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Quantifying survival and understanding underlying sources of variation are important for developing population models and informing management decisions. We estimated apparent survival (i.e., true survival less permanent emigration) for adult female white‐winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) and lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) breeding at a northern boreal forest site in western Canada, 2002–2008. We also evaluated variation in survival relative to indices of breeding status, individual quality, spring weather conditions, local small‐mammal abundance, and overwinter climate. Breeding female scoters had higher apparent survival than did nonbreeding females, suggesting that breeders had higher survival or fidelity to the study area, or that more nonbreeders were transient birds that may have bred elsewhere in subsequent years. Apparent survival rate for breeding female scoters was unrelated to other individual and environmental covariates. Nest‐trapped female scaup had higher apparent survival rates than did prenesting females captured in decoy traps, implying that more pre‐nesters dispersed permanently or died after marking. Nesting female scaup with higher body condition or those in years when small mammals were more abundant had higher apparent survival; associations between survival and other environmental covariates were less certain. Overall, apparent survival rate of breeding adult female scoters was lower than reported for scoters from other North American locations or for other sea duck species, whereas estimates for nesting female scaup were comparable with those from other boreal and prairie‐parkland locations. Our results indicate that for scaup in this region, factors influencing female body condition, such as maintaining high‐quality habitat, areas with abundant food or low disturbance, could improve annual survival. © The Wildlife Society, 2019

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“…Available breeding-season survival estimates for female ducks suggest considerable variation among species and populations and across breeding stages (e.g., Kirby and Cowardin 1986, Devries et al 2003, Brook and Clark 2005, Richkus et al 2005, Safine 2005). Notably, Kirby and Cowardin (1986) reported lower survival for female mallards (Anas platyrhychos) in Minnesota, USA, during the breeding season, with the lowest survival rates documented during the incubation period.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation in Breeding Season Survival of Female Harlequin Ducks

Bond

Iverson

Maccallum³

et al. 2009

J Wildl Manag

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Quantifying sources of variation in demographic rates can provide insight into processes underlying population dynamics and subsequently direct wildlife conservation. In the context of avian life history, understanding patterns of variation in survival rates of breeding females is particularly relevant because this cohort often has a disproportionately large effect on population dynamics. We estimated survival probability for 144 adult female harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) that we marked with radiotransmitters and tracked at 4 breeding areas in western North America. Model selection results indicated both regional and temporal variation in survival rates, with most mortality attributed to predation. Cumulative survival probability (6SE) during the 100-day study period was lower at 2 sites in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada (AB1 and AB2: 0.75 6 0.11) than in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada (BC: 0.88 6 0.08) or the Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA (OR: 0.89 6 0.08). Survival also was lower during incubation than nest-initiation or brood-rearing stages at all 4 study areas. In comparison to other annual cycle stages and locations, harlequin duck mortality rates were highest on the breeding grounds, suggesting that management actions designed to reduce mortality during breeding would achieve meaningful population-level benefits. Bond et al. N Harlequin Duck Survival 965

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Breeding Season Survival of Female Lesser Scaup in the Northern Boreal Forest

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska

Lesser Scaup Breeding Probability and Female Survival on the Yukon Flats, Alaska

Annual survival in female white‐winged scoters and lesser scaup

Variation in Breeding Season Survival of Female Harlequin Ducks

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