Breeding Sites of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>: Potential Dengue Vectors in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia

Getachew, Dejene; Tekie, Habte; Gebre-Michael, Teshome; Balkew, Meshesha; Mesfin, Akalu

doi:10.1155/2015/706276

Cited by 139 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Aedes mosquito showed its preference with tires, the positive composition took up to 28%. The results are consistent with that of research papers on breeding sites [17][18][19][20]. The lowest positive jars in house in our results might have relevant with the vector control work in 2013.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion

Guo¹,

Lai²,

Huang³

et al. 2016

J Trop Dis

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We conducted this study to confirm that Aedes aegypti has invaded and colonized in Xishuangbanna, Yunan province, China. And we conducted a larval survey for dengue mosquito vectors, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, to assess on possible competition for breeding sites between these both species in urban environment in Jinghong city. The study was carried out at least once a month in February and March, November and December, and three times for each month from April to October in 2014 in five communities in the municipality of Jinghong city. No less than 50 houses were surveyed each time in one place. We collected immature stages of mosquitoes from all types of breeding sites in houses and their premises. Morphological species identification was carried for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Both species occurred in all surveyed areas. Aedes aegypti has occupied a considerable composition (67.75%) since the uncertain time of its first invasion to Jinghong city. Aedes aegypti was predominant species indoor (74.19%), but also presented in surrounding environment (25.81%); while Ae. albopictus favored the outdoor environment (54.55%) as well as in houses (45.45%). We gave the preference water containers (tires) for dengue vectors, described different distribution in different investigated places, and showed with monthly variance by indices of BI and CI. We gave our rational explanation for the variance with raining in this area; Aedes keep a high density value during the rainy season. For both dengue vectors, the possibility cannot be excluded that the invasion of Ae. aegypti in the city might lead to a decrease or elimination of Ae. albopictus in houses and dwellings. Furthermore, we also found that both dengue vectors have already occupied the breeding sites in houses and their premises with water container in Jinghong city, and both should be managed during dengue epidemic season. These findings from this study are relevant for dengue vector control programs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion

Guo¹,

Lai²,

Huang³

et al. 2016

J Trop Dis

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“…The more extensive the reporting, the more accurate the prevalence rates. Other factors that contribute are reduced public health awareness, population density, infecting DENV strain, urban planning activities, topography, water storage practices, change of lifestyle, apathy and heightened medical seeking behaviour [20][21][22][23]. Variation in the number of laboratory tests conducted can also influence this was well as more tests conducted will results in more cases detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dengue Fever and Severe Dengue in Barbados, 2008–2016

et al. 2020

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Analysis of the temporal, seasonal and demographic distribution of dengue virus (DENV) infections in Barbados was conducted using national surveillance data from a total of 3994 confirmed dengue cases. Diagnosis was confirmed either by DENV-specific real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests; a case fatality rate of 0.4% (10/3994) was observed. The prevalence rate of dengue fever (DF) varied from 27.5 to 453.9 cases per 100,000 population among febrile patients who sought medical attention annually. DF cases occurred throughout the year with low level of transmission observed during the dry season (December to June), then increased transmission during rainy season (July to November) peaking in October. Three major dengue epidemics occurred in Barbados during 2010, 2013 and possibly 2016 with an emerging three-year interval. DF prevalence rate among febrile patients who sought medical attention overall was highest among the 10-19 years old age group. The highest DF hospitalisation prevalence rate was observed in 2013. Multiple serotypes circulated during the study period and Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was the most prevalent serotype during 2010, whilst DENV-1 was the most prevalent serotype in 2013. Two DENV-1 strains from the 2013 DENV epidemic were genetically more closely related to South East Asian strains, than Caribbean or South American strains, and represent the first ever sequencing of DENV strains in Barbados. However, the small sample size (n = 2) limits any meaningful conclusions. DF prevalence rates were not significantly different between females and males. Public health planning should consider DENV inter-epidemic periodicity, the current COVID-19 pandemic and similar clinical symptomology between DF and COVID-19. The implementation of routine sequencing of DENV strains to obtain critical data can aid in battling DENV epidemics in Barbados.

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“…Drums were also often used for water storage; however, most were found negative for mosquito larvae. One study in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, found that artificial breeding sites (in particular tyres and plastic drums) were the primary source of vectors (37,38), however there sampling was conducted in an urban area. Various studies found differing types of containers responsible for Aedes spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A community-level investigation of the yellow fever virus outbreak in South Omo Zone, South-West Ethiopia, 2012–2014

Mulchandani

Massebo

et al. 2018

Preprint

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BackgroundA yellow fever (YF) outbreak occurred in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia in 2012-2014. This study aimed to analyse historical epidemiological data, to assess the risk for future YF outbreaks through entomological surveillance, including mosquito species identification and molecular screening for arboviruses, and finally to determine the knowledge, attitudes and current preventative practices within the affected communities.Methodology/Principal FindingsFrom October 2012 to March 2014, 165 cases and 62 deaths were reported, principally in rural areas of South Ari region (83.6%), south-west Ethiopia. The majority of patients were 15-44 years old (74.5%) and most case deaths were males (76%). Between June and August 2017, 688 containers were sampled from across 177 households to identify key breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Ensete ventricosum (“false banana”) was identified as the primary natural breeding site, and clay pots outside the home as the most productive artificial breeding site. Entomological risk indices from the majority of sites were classified as “high risk” for future outbreaks under current World Health Organization criteria. Adult trapping resulted in the identification of members of the Aedes simpsoni complex in and around households. Screening of adult females revealed no detection of yellow fever virus (YFV) or other arboviruses. 88% of 177 participants had heard of YF, however many participants easily confused transmission and symptoms of YF with malaria, which is also endemic in the area.Conclusions/SignificanceStudy results emphasise the need for further entomological studies to improve our understanding of local vector species and transmission dynamics. Disease surveillance systems and in-country laboratory capacity also need to be strengthened to facilitate more rapid responses to future YF outbreaks.Author SummaryDespite the availability of a highly effective vaccine, yellow fever virus (YFV) remains an important public health problem across Africa and South America due to its high case-fatality rate. This study aimed to assess and reduce the risk for future outbreaks. During this study, historical data analysis was conducted to understand the epidemiology of the recent outbreak in 2012-2014. Entomological surveillance was also carried out, including both mosquito species identification and molecular screening for arboviruses, as well as a household survey to understand the knowledge and attitudes towards yellow fever (YF) within the affected areas and to assess community-level practices for YF prevention. We found a high abundance of Aedes simpsoni complex in the context of low vaccination coverage. Community knowledge and practice levels were low for reducing potential breeding sites, highlighting the need for increased dissemination of information to community members on how to reduce their risk of exposure to mosquito vectors of arboviruses.

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Breeding Sites ofAedes aegypti: Potential Dengue Vectors in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia

Cited by 139 publications

References 23 publications

Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion

Coexistence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Jinghong City, Yunnan Province: A Survey of Aedes aegypti Invasion

Dengue Fever and Severe Dengue in Barbados, 2008–2016

A community-level investigation of the yellow fever virus outbreak in South Omo Zone, South-West Ethiopia, 2012–2014

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