Breeding system and spatial variation in the pollination biology of the heterocarpic Thymelaea velutina (Thymelaeaceae)

Bandera, M. Carmen de la; Traveset, Anna

doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0380-y

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…2007). Although overall fruit set was lower at the mountain site in a two-year study (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a), this does not seem to be due to the shorter flowering period, since we found no relationship between these two variables. Such lower fruit set in the mountain was not caused by a lower frequency of insect visits to flowers either (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Although overall fruit set was lower at the mountain site in a two-year study (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a), this does not seem to be due to the shorter flowering period, since we found no relationship between these two variables. Such lower fruit set in the mountain was not caused by a lower frequency of insect visits to flowers either (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a). By contrast, it was most likely due to the low winter temperatures, with strong winds that promote stomata closure, and to the shallow, stony soil at this site which may cause a lower photosynthetic rate and, ultimately, a lower fruit set compared to plants at sea level, where the winter is milder (de la Bandera & al., 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…However, the opposite, small plants flowering earlier than large ones, has also been reported in Senecio integrifolius (Widén, 1991 and heavier flowers of male plants and for a longer period might be similar to the costs imposed by fruit production by females (Ehrlen, 1991). This might be the reason for the lack of differences in either size or growth rate between sexes (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a;de la Bandera & al., 2008). On the other hand, differences in flower size and weight have been reported in species living along an altitudinal gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A delay in flowering time with the increase in elevation seems to be frequent in species that can grow along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients (Silim & Omanga, 2001), and has been previously documented in Mediterranean shrublands (Arroyo, 1990 a,b,c;Giménez-Benavides & al., 2007). The delayed flowering in T. velutina in the mountain increases its reproductive success although it is lower than in the coastal dune, as flowering coincides with a greater abundance of insects at that altitude (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a). Moreover, the flowering delay in the mountain may also allow fruits to develop under optimal conditions to ripen (Bishop & Schemske, 1998 and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shrubs can reach up to 1 m height, with the largest individuals being found in dune habitats. The plants are mostly dioecious, although a few individuals may bear both male and female flowers, and it is ambophilous, i.e., is pollinated by both insects and wind (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a). Its most important pollinators are dipterans, specifically Sarcophaga flies in the dunes and the hoverfly Eristalix tenax in the mountain (de la Bandera & Traveset, 2006a).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering patterns of <i>Thymelaea velutina</i> at the extremes of an altitudinal gradient

Bandera¹,

Traveset²

2013

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Environmental variability may cause changes in flowering phenology affecting plant reproductive success. Plasticity in phenological processes may guarantee species survival under new environmental conditions, such as those caused by global warming. Here we examined the flowering patterns of Thymelaea velutina (Thymelaeaceae), a dioecious shrub endemic to the Balearic Islands. We compared the two contrasting habitats where the species occurs: coastal dunes at sea level and mountain areas (c. 1200 m a.s.l.). We determined the relationship between three components of flowering phenology: initial date, flower duration, and synchrony, and assessed their association with traits describing plant size and fecundity. The increase in altitude results into a delayed flowering initiation and a shorter flowering period. In both habitats, male plants flowered earlier and for longer periods than females. At the mountain site, fruit set was associated to flower initiation, so that plants flowering earlier produced greater proportions of fruits. By contrast, fruit set at the dune site did not depend upon either flower initiation or flowering period; here, larger plants had longer flowering periods, though not necessarily produced more flowers and did not set more fruits than smaller plants. We attribute the differences in flowering patterns at different altitudes to phenotypic plasticity of the species; it is adapted to mountain conditions delaying the flowering period (probably adjusting it to the insect abundance at this altitude). Moreover, shortening of the flowering period may be also advantageous to reduce the stressful effects of higher temperature, radiation and drought that occur later in the summer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Flowering patterns of <i>Thymelaea velutina</i> at the extremes of an altitudinal gradient

Bandera¹,

Traveset²

2013

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Intra‐puparial development in the hoverflies Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae)

Campoy

Pérez‐Bañón

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The intra-puparial development of 150 pupae of Eristalinus aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) and Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) was analyzed. Individuals were obtained from the sixth laboratory generation kept under artificial rearing conditions at the facilities of the University of Alicante (Spain). The experiment was conducted at 25 ± 1 C temperature, 50 ± 5% relative humidity, and 12:12 hr (L:D) of photoperiod. Groups of 10 pupae were collected every 6 hr over 48 hr, after that period, pupae were collected daily until the adult emergence. They were fixed in 5% formic acid and preserved in 70% ethanol. Fixed pupae were dissected and photographed. The chronology and morphological changes that take place during the intra-puparial development in both species were analyzed and compared. Five phases were observed: prepupa, before 6 hr; cryptocephalic pupa, between 6 and 24 hr; phanerocephalic pupa, between 24 and 30 hr; pharate adult, after 30 hr; and the adult imago, restricted to the very end of the development process just before adult emergence. In total, the intra-puparial development lasted 189 ± 4 hr in E. aeneus and 192 ± 3 hr in E. tenax, with the pharate adult the longest phase (some 81% of the total developmental time). These data can be used to develop accurate cold storage protocols during artificial rearing of both pollinator species, avoiding critical events during the development and increasing survival.

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A systematic survey of floral nectaries

Bernardello

2007

Nectaries and Nectar

165

167

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Breeding system and spatial variation in the pollination biology of the heterocarpic Thymelaea velutina (Thymelaeaceae)

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Flowering patterns of <i>Thymelaea velutina</i> at the extremes of an altitudinal gradient

Flowering patterns of <i>Thymelaea velutina</i> at the extremes of an altitudinal gradient

Intra‐puparial development in the hoverflies Eristalinus aeneus and Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae)

A systematic survey of floral nectaries

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