Breeding Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Ortíz, Rodomiro; Dochez, Carine; Asiedu, Robert; Moonan, Francis

doi:10.1002/9780470752708.ch18

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…High levels of host plant resistance bred into the cultivars against the two most important diseases of the crop, i.e., yam anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and yam mosaic virus (YMV), contribute significantly to the high level and stability of field performance (Ortiz et al 2006). This bred yam germplasm and the West African yam core collection could now be assessed at multiple sites in the yam producing locations of West Africa for suitability to local farming and food systems in comparison with popular indigenous cultivars and with active participation of potential farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a West African yam Dioscorea spp. core collection

Mahalakshmi

Atalobhor

et al. 2007

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are important crops in some West African locations. The West African yam collections held at the IITA were characterized using the standard descriptor list for this crop (IPGRI/IITA. 1997. Descriptors for yam (Dioscorea spp.). International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy) to assess the extent of diversity and develop a core collection employing 77 out of 86 descriptors and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. The core collection consists of 391 accessions (13% of entire collection). It represents all the six cultivated and two wild Dioscorea taxa. The appropriateness of the procedure was confirmed by comparing the mean and diversity distributions of 11 (out of 13) quantitative traits.This article explains the relevance of this core collection of yams for West Africa yam cropping and improvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a West African yam Dioscorea spp. core collection

Mahalakshmi

Atalobhor

et al. 2007

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…Ploidy manipulations with haploids, 2n gametes, and use of wild species remain as impressive and exciting crop germplasm enhancement methods that have developed from cytogenetic research (Ortiz et al 2006). Professor Stanley J. Peloquin (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA) and his associates were able to develop new potato genotypes that combine high and stable yield with disease or pest resistance, which allow potato to be grown in areas previously unsuitable for this crop (Ortiz et al, 2005).…”

Section: B Post Fertilization Barriers To Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Crop Gene Pools with Beneficial Traits Using Wild Relatives

Dwivedi

Upadhyaya

Stalker

et al. 2007

Plant Breeding Reviews

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116

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Hessian fly, green bug, and rust Hessian fly, leaf rust, and soilborne-mosaic virus Karnal bunt Leaf rust Powdery mildew Root-knot nematode Rust Rust, WSMV, and WSSMV Stem rust Yellow rust and leaf rust Yellow rust (stripe rust), stem rust, and leaf rust Ae. squarrosa contributed resistance to hessian fly, green bug (Sckizaphis graminum), and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) to T. aestivum. Ae. squarrosa contributed genes for resistance to hessian fly, leaf rust, and soil-borne mosaic virus to T. aestivum. Resistance to karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) transferred from T. tauschii to T. aestivum. Resistant to leaf rust race 5 transferred from Ae. speltoides to T. aestivum. Resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) transferred from Ae. variabilis to T. aestivum. T. turgidum var dicoccoides contributed gene for resistance to powdery mildew, Pm 26, in T. aestivum. Resistance to powdery mildew transferred from T. urartu into T. aestivum. Ae. variabilis contributed resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne naasi) to T. aestivum. Lr32 from T. tauschii transferred to T. aestivum. Rust-resistant genes Lr41, Lr 42, and Lr 43 from T. tauschii introgressed to T. aestivum. Resistance to rust, WSMV (wheat soil-borne mosaic virus), and WSSMV (wheat spindle-streak mosaic virus) transferred from T. tauschii to T. aestivum. Resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis) transferred from T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum to T. aestivum. Resistance to stem rust transferred from T. monococcum to T. aestivum via T. durum. T. turgidum and T. tauschii contributed genes for resistance to yellow rust in synthetic hexaploid wheat. Triticum spp. and Ae. speltoides contributed genes for resistance to Gill and Raupp 1987

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“…Hence, crossing among local cultivars was high in the IITA's cassava breeding approach as well as incorporating judiciously exotic germplasm into the desired gene complexes, but minimizing inbreeding and restoring heterozygosity to escape from inbreeding depression (Ortiz et al 2006). The improved cassava germplasm was further sent for testing across African locations through in vitro methods for elite genotypes, or as seed for half-sib and full-sib recombinant breeding populations.…”

Section: Cassavamentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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Outcrossing is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower in a different plant of the same species in the angiosperms by the action of wind, insects, or other vectors, thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction. It allows for species diversity because it combines genetic information from different plants, and may lead to heterozygosity when involving two genetically distinct plants. About 50 % of crops show outcrossing and their reproductive systems include devices promoting it, for example, unisexuality, maturing time, self-incompatibility, and male sterility. Various outcrossing species may have a small amount (5-10 %) of selfing. Outcrossing species exhibit mild to severe inbreeding depression and significant heterosis. Maize, onion, and rye are among outcrossing species, while cotton shows up to 30 % of outcrossing. Composite, hybrid, and synthetic cultivars are the aim for breeding outcrossing species, when their seed production is feasible and profitable. A composite cultivar ensues from mixing seeds of outstanding lines (often up to 20) and encouraging open pollination among the mixed lines, while a synthetic cultivar results from crossing (6-8) lines that combine well with each other and are kept by open pollination in isolation. Pedigree, doubled haploids, and backcrossing are used for inbred line development, while recurrent selection methods accumulate favorable alleles in a breeding population. Plant genetic engineering and DNA marker-aided breeding are among the biotechnology tools for improving maize, cotton, cassava, and other outcrossing species. MaizeMaize (Zea mays) is the cereal with the largest global output and cash value. It is among the most important staple food crops, a source of feeding grains and silage for livestock, and used by the industry for ethanol, oil, and starch. Its average global per capita consumption is below that of wheat, rice, and potato because of the high

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Breeding Vegetatively Propagated Crops

Cited by 6 publications

References 103 publications

Development of a West African yam Dioscorea spp. core collection

Development of a West African yam Dioscorea spp. core collection

Enhancing Crop Gene Pools with Beneficial Traits Using Wild Relatives

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

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