Brefeldin A induces callose formation in onion inner epidermal cells

Kartusch, Robert; Lichtscheidl, Irene; Weidinger, Marieluise

doi:10.1007/bf01282925

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Interestingly, extensive infolding has also been shown in onion epidermal nuclei by electron (Kartusch et al, 2000, Figure 3B) and DIC video microscopy (Lichtscheidl and Url, 1988). However, the true nature of these structures, and whether they represent nuclear grooves or invaginations, has not been determined.…”

Section: Nuclear Grooves and Invaginationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…This type of structure differs from the shallow and narrow invaginations of both membranes of the nuclear envelope found in developing microspores of various species (Aldrich and Vasil, 1970; Bell, 1970, 1972;Li and Dickinson, 1987) and also differs from nuclear vacuoles, membrane-bound inclusions within the nucleus that are also generally found in meiotic cells (Sheffield et al, 1979;Karasawa and Ueda, 1983;Sangwan, 1986;Yi et al, 1994). Additional published examples document deep cytoplasmic channels penetrating into the nuclei of nonreproductive cells of various species, including Narcissus (Gunning and Steer, 1996), Pisum (Bowes, 1996), and onion epidermis (Kartusch et al, 2000). In fact, the large nuclei of onion epidermal cells show marked irregularities in nuclear shape, having large groovelike infoldings that contain rapid cytoplasmic movement (Lichtscheidl and Url, 1988; N.S.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Allen, personal observation) and electron microscopy (Kartusch et al, 2000). These methods, however, are limited in their ability to resolve structures in three dimensions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plant Nuclei Can Contain Extensive Grooves and Invaginations [W]

et al. 2000

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Plant cells can exhibit highly complex nuclear organization. Through dye-labeling experiments in untransformed onion epidermal and tobacco culture cells and through the expression of green fluorescent protein targeted to either the nucleus or the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope in these cells, we have visualized deep grooves and invaginations into the large nuclei of these cells. In onion, these structures, which are similar to invaginations seen in some animal cells, form tubular or planelike infoldings of the nuclear envelope. Both grooves and invaginations are stable structures, and both have cytoplasmic cores containing actin bundles that can support cytoplasmic streaming. In dividing tobacco cells, invaginations seem to form during cell division, possibly from strands of the endoplasmic reticulum trapped in the reforming nucleus. The substantial increase in nuclear surface area resulting from these grooves and invaginations, their apparent preference for association with nucleoli, and the presence in them of actin bundles that support vesicle motility suggest that the structures might function both in mRNA export from the nucleus and in protein import from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. INTRODUCTIONAlthough cellular function often requires maximization of surface area relative to volume, notably in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus, traditional representations of the nucleus depict a rounded structure with little internal organization. Recently, however, the nuclei of animal cells have been found to show considerable spatial and structural organization at the chromosomal level. The discrete and comparatively stable territories that chromosomes occupy within the nucleus are separated by interchromosomal domains through which transcribed RNA and other macromolecules can diffuse (reviewed in Lamond and Earnshaw, 1998). Animal nuclei also sometimes deviate from the characteristic rounded shape. Deviations include a folded, grooved, or notched surface (Majno et al., 1969) and tubular invaginations. Electron microscopy has shown that these nuclear invaginations can penetrate deep into the nucleus and confirmed the presence of the double membrane of the nuclear envelope (Ellenberg et al., 1997;Fricker et al., 1997;Clubb and Locke, 1998). However, revelation of the full nature of nuclear invaginations in living animal cells has required confocal microscopy of fluorescent dyes (Fricker et al., 1997;Lui et al., 1998aLui et al., , 1998b or green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins targeted to the nuclear envelope (Ellenberg et al., 1997;Broers et al., 1999). The number and nature of invaginations vary from cell type to cell type, ranging from simple invaginations to intricate branched structures that can penetrate into and through the nucleus. Invaginations often associate with nucleoli (Fricker et al., 1997) and appear to be stable (Ellenberg et al., 1997;Broers et al., 1999). Nuclear grooves and invaginations substantially increase the surface area of the ...

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Section: Nuclear Grooves and Invaginationsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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confidence: 99%

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Plant Nuclei Can Contain Extensive Grooves and Invaginations [W]

et al. 2000

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“…However, the positive effect of brefeldin A was only detectable at concentrations of 5-30 µg ml -1 . At higher concentrations (60 µg ml -1 ) a disintegration of the Golgi apparatus occurred, but no effect on callose biosynthesis was observed (Kartusch et al, 2000). Corresponding inhibitor experiments with the model plant Riella helicophylla will be the subject of a subsequent investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Finally, it should be noted that other drugs, such as the herbicide dichlobenil and the antibiotic fungal toxin brefeldin A have been applied to meristematic plant tissues (Vaughn, et al, 1996;Kartusch, Lichtscheidl & Weidinger, 2000). Both substances stimulated the deposition of cellplate callose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal distribution, fertility and sex ratios of the mossPlagiomnium affine(Bland.) T.Kop. in forests of contrasting age

Cronberg¹,

Andersson²,

Wyatt³

et al. 2003

Journal of Bryology

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The vegetative life cycle of the aquatic liverwort Riella helicophylla consists of three stages: adult plantlet, gemma and gemmaling (asexual reproductive structure). In meristematic cells of 8-day-old gemmalings that were grown in a 12 h light/12 h dark-cycle, the number of callosic cell plates displayed a minimum at 2 pm (day) and a maximum at 2 am (night). We compared the effects of two drugs on the enhancement of callose biosynthesis: the nitroso-derivative of the calcium antagonist nifedipine and the simplest aromatic nitroso-compound, nitrosobenzene. Callose synthesis (deposition of b-1,3-glucan) was promoted in cell plates by both substances. Moreover, nitrosobenzene is capable of inducing callose synthesis in juvenile walls of elongating cells, whereas the effect of nifedipine is restricted to the meristem. T-, H-and net-like callose structures could be observed in the meristem of drug-treated gemmalings. Our results indicate that the differences in the observed cytotoxic effects depend on the steric properties (chemical structure) and thus the reactive behaviours of the two nitroso-compounds.

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