Bremsstrahlung: an experimentalist’s personal perspective on the postmodern era

Bremsstrahlung spectra produced by kilovolt electron impact on thick targets

“…In the other work shown in Table 1, performed by other groups, the incident electron charges were measured accurately. Moreover, although it was pointed out [6,12] that the PB contribution may be relatively larger at a backward angle of 135°t han at 90°, where our experiment was performed, we think that this reason may not explain the larger discrepancies in [22]. This is because, from Table 1, we see that Llovet et al [19] measured the X-ray spectrum for Pt at 20 keV electron energy under similar experimental conditions and found very good agreement with PENELOPE simulations.…”

“…The first awareness of PB probably [6] came from Amusia's 1982 paper [7], and much of the work on it was summarized by Tystovich and Oiringel [8]. In the past years, Korol and Solov'yov have developed new calculation methods for PB and enabled comparisons between experiment and theory [9][10][11].…”

Review of absolute doubly differential cross-section experiments and cross-section ratios for electron bremsstrahlung from rare gas atom and thin-film targets

“…Thus, the total amplitude for bremsstrahlung from a structured target consists of the amplitude for OB from the accelerated projectile and the PB amplitude from the dynamically polarized target electrons. There have been a number of reviews of total bremsstrahlung, including discussion of PB (Amusia, 1982(Amusia, , 1988(Amusia, , 1992Amusia and Pratt, 1993;Tystovich and Oiringel, 1992;Pratt et al, 1995;Korol and Solov'yov, 1997a;Quarles, 2000).…”

External bremsstrahlung of 90Sr–90Y, 147Pm and 204Tl in detector compounds

“…Bethe and Heitler (1934) gave an expression for EB produced in thick target elements. Most of the EB works of beta have been carried out using only metal/element as a thick target but using compound as a thick target is lacking (Quarles 2000;Tajinder et al, 2009;Lixia Tian et al, 2009). Rudraswamy (2007a, 2007b) formulated the new method for estimating EB cross sections in compounds.…”