Brevetoxin binding: molecular pharmacology versus immunoassay

Baden, Daniel G.; Mende, Thomas J.; Szmant, Alina M.; Trainer, Vera L.; Edwards, R. A.; Roszell, L.E.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(88)90141-9

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The differences may be due to the format in which the assays were conducted. When comparing the selectivity for brevetoxin congeners between the two assay methods, we found that the differences between the methods for brevetoxin type 1 and type 2 backbones differ by approximately 26-fold, a value consistent with that reported by Baden et al (1988). Thus, although the RIA detects both brevetoxin backbone structures, in terms of pharmacologic activity the RIA substantially underestimates the type 2 brevetoxins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Measurement of brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection cards after acute, long-term, and low-dose exposure in mice.

Woofter

Dechraoui

Garthwaite

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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We developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a sheep anti-brevetoxin antiserum to evaluate detection of brevetoxin on blood collection cards from mice treated with the brevetoxin congener PbTx-3. The RIA has high affinity for PbTx-3 [half-maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) +/- SE = 1.2 +/- 0.2 nM; n = 10] and recognizes both type 1 and type 2 brevetoxins, but not ciguatoxin. Direct comparison of the RIA with a radiolabeled [(3)H]-PbTx-3 receptor-binding assay (RBA) revealed excellent sensitivity, congener selectivity, and minimal interference from blood matrix. We first analyzed blood samples from an acute time course exposure, using a maximal nonlethal dose [180 microg/kg body weight (bw)] for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hr. Mean blood brevetoxin levels were 36 nM at 30 min and stayed above 20 nM during the 1-4 hr time points. We next analyzed blood brevetoxin levels after longer exposure (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7 days). Mean blood brevetoxin levels were 26.0 nM at 0.5 days, decreased to 8.2 nM at 1.0 day, and maintained a significant level (p < 0.05) of 1.3 nM at day 2. We next determined the lowest measurable dose using increasing concentrations of PbTx-3 (10-300 micro g/kg bw). Analysis of the blood samples at 60 min revealed a linear relationship between administered and internal doses (r(2) = 0.993). All doses of brevetoxin administered were detectable at 1 hr, with significant levels found for the lowest administered dose of 10 micro g/kg bw--a dose that was 10-fold lower than the lowest observable effect level. This RIA provides an optimal first-tier detection of brevetoxin from blood collection cards and, used in combination with the RBA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, should provide a complete panel of methods to biomonitor brevetoxin exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…We found that the RIA had an EC 50 that was three times lower than the RBA (1.2 nM vs. 4.0 nM). In an earlier comparison of the RIA (goat antibody) and the RBA, Baden et al (1988) found that the RIA was less sensitive than the RBA (EC 50 of 20 vs. 12 nM). The differences may be due to the format in which the assays were conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection cards after acute, long-term, and low-dose exposure in mice.

Woofter

Dechraoui

Garthwaite

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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“…It has recently been observed that brevetoxinlike compounds are produced by raphidophytes such as H. akashiwo (Khan et al 1997). Many different brevetoxin subtypes exist, where some are considerably more potent than others (Baden et al 1988) and some of these differences in potency can be attributed to the degree of oxidation of the polyether compound. Thus, in line with the belief that not all H. akashiwo blooms are constitutively toxic, ROS production could be a mechanism of controlling brevetoxin toxicity (D. Baden pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of Heterosigma akashiwo do not appear to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide

Twiner

Dixon

Trick

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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The ichthyotoxic red tide organism Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) has been associated with fish kill events within the aquaculture industry for many years. The precise toxicological mechanism involved in these fish kills is unclear; however, much research attention has focused on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by these toxic algae. In this study, we investigated the production of hydrogen peroxide (

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“…there are also a variety of antibody-based methods (Baden et al, , 1988Fire et al, 2008;levine and Shimizu, 1992;Naar et al, 2002Naar et al, , 1998Plakas et al, 2008;Poli et al, 1995Poli et al, , 2007trainer and Poli, 2000;Zhou et al, 2010). For example, a competitive elISA was established with a lOD of 25 µg Btx/kg oyster (Naar et al, 2002).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

Daneshian

2013

ALTEX

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Summary Aquatic food accounts for over 40% of global animal food products, and the potential contamination with toxins of algal origin -marine biotoxins -poses a health threat for consumers. The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methodssingle marine biotoxins or combinations of marine biotoxins and intoxication symptomatology as well as monitoring the "success" of controls implemented during fishery and aquaculture production, processing, and retailing. For this reason, a workshop was organized in ermatingen, Switzerland by the Center for Alternatives to Animal testing -europe (CAAteurope) within the framework of the transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t 4 ).In contrast to other food products where hygiene and potential contamination with microbes or mold toxins is the prime issue, the emphasis in aquatic products (shellfish and finfish) is, beyond viral and bacterial contaminations, primarily placed on potential contamination with marine biotoxins owing to the numerous and recurring human intoxications.The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methods, i.e., the mouse and the rat bioassays. Besides the ethical issues of in vivo bioassays there are specific difficulties, e.g., different exposure route (i.p. versus oral), low inter-species comparability, high intra-species variability, and questionable extrapolation of quantitative risk to humans, thus highlighting the need for the development of more reliable detection and quantification methods. Based on this reasoning, the european Food Safety Authority (eFSA) advocates the use of an analytical method, i.e., LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry), as a substitute for in vivo bioassays for almost all classes of marine toxins. However, although lC-MS is a very sensitive method that has the advantages of being able to detect multiple toxins in a single analysis and being good for confirming the identity of toxins, the quality of quantitative analysis is dependent on the availability of calibration standards. While many new toxin structural analogues have been detected and identified using LC-MS, this technique -as with most other methods -is not good at detecting new toxin types. When new toxin analogues are detected but accurate standards are not yet available, only an approximate quantitation is possible using estimated response factors.For the purpose of risk assessment of food, however, it is imperative to focus on the possible adverse effects, independent of whether they stem from one toxin or a combination of toxins. As toxicity is defined by functional and structural changes of biological systems, the development of a human-relevant in vitro system for appropriate risk assessment of marine biotoxins in seafood stands to reason. Moreover, poor correlation of human intoxications, of acute symptomatology and long-term adverse effects, and of predictive in vitro, in vivo, and analytical detection methodologies of marine biotoxins stems not least from a...

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Brevetoxin binding: molecular pharmacology versus immunoassay

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement of brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection cards after acute, long-term, and low-dose exposure in mice.

Measurement of brevetoxin levels by radioimmunoassay of blood collection cards after acute, long-term, and low-dose exposure in mice.

Toxic effects of Heterosigma akashiwo do not appear to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

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