BREVIS RADIX is involved in cytokinin-mediated inhibition of lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis

Li, Jing; Mo, Xiaoning; Wang, Jirong; Chen, Nannan; Fan, Hong-Tao; Dai, Chen; Wu, Ping

doi:10.1007/s00425-008-0854-6

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Exogenous CK application reduces PR elongation and represses the initiation of LRs in wild-type Arabidopsis (Li et al, 2009). We observed some sensitivity of the arm mutant toward exogenous CK application, but the wild type was affected as well (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Dissecting the Role of CHITINASE-LIKE1 in Nitrate-Dependent Changes in Root Architecture

et al. 2011

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The root phenotype of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant of CHITINASE-LIKE1 (CTL1), called arm (for anion-related root morphology), was previously shown to be conditional on growth on high nitrate, chloride, or sucrose. Mutants grown under restrictive conditions displayed inhibition of primary root growth, radial swelling, proliferation of lateral roots, and increased root hair density. We found here that the spatial pattern of CTL1 expression was mainly in the root and root tips during seedling development and that the protein localized to the cell wall. Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy of mutant root tissues indicated differences in spectra assigned to linkages in cellulose and pectin. Indeed, root cell wall polymer composition analysis revealed that the arm mutant contained less crystalline cellulose and reduced methylesterification of pectins. We also explored the implication of growth regulators on the phenotype of the mutant response to the nitrate supply. Exogenous abscisic acid application inhibited more drastically primary root growth in the arm mutant but failed to repress lateral branching compared with the wild type. Cytokinin levels were higher in the arm root, but there were no changes in mitotic activity, suggesting that cytokinin is not directly involved in the mutant phenotype. Ethylene production was higher in arm but inversely proportional to the nitrate concentration in the medium. Interestingly, eto2 and eto3 ethylene overproduction mutants mimicked some of the conditional root characteristics of the arm mutant on high nitrate. Our data suggest that ethylene may be involved in the arm mutant phenotype, albeit indirectly, rather than functioning as a primary signal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Dissecting the Role of CHITINASE-LIKE1 in Nitrate-Dependent Changes in Root Architecture

et al. 2011

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“…et al, 2008, Figure 5I; Li et al, 2009, Figure 2G; Effendi et al, 2011, Figures 2A and 2B;Prasad et al, 2010, Figures 1A and 3). Even when both the data on primary root length and LR (and/or LRP) number or data on LR and LRP numbers are given (Swarup et al, 2008, Supplemental Figures 1D and 1E;Li et al, 2009, Figures 2F and 2G;Jiang et al, 2010, Figure 4B; Moreno-Risueno et al, 2010, Figure 4B; Ortiz-Castro et al, 2011, Figure 1E), one cannot explicitly understand whether a mutation or a treatment affects LR initiation when the data on LRP density and on the length of branching zone are not present.…”

Section: Are Numbers Of Lrs or Lrps Per Parent Root Useful Parameters?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Lateral Root Development: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

2012

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The advent of the postgenomics era has led to increased interest in exploring the role of gene networks and signaling pathways in controlling plant development. The last two decades have seen a particular increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of the Arabidopsis thaliana root system. However, the investigation of such a seemingly simple system as an Arabidopsis root can lead to problems in quantification and errors in interpretation if knowledge of root organization is lacking. In this article, we identify a number of these problems and give examples of potentially erroneous and correct determinations of lateral root parameters. Our aim is to bring this important issue to the attention of the plant science community and to suggest ways in which the problems inherent in quantifying the process of lateral root development can be avoided.The importance of root development in plant biology arises not only from the crucial role that roots play in supporting plant growth and crop productivity but also because the root is a convenient model for studies of plant development. Root system architecture is an integrative result of lateral root (LR) initiation, morphogenesis, emergence, and growth. Thus LR development is fundamental to the way in which a plant elaborates its root system to explore the soil volume. Despite recent progress in this area (Pé ret et al., 2009;Fukaki and Tasaka, 2009;Benková and Bielach, 2010;Ingram and Malamy, 2010), we are far from understanding how the multistage process of LR development is controlled during plant ontogenesis and how its complex responses to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors are integrated. It is axiomatic that improving our understanding of these problems depends on the proper quantitative analysis of the process of LR development. In this Commentary, we address the problems of LR quantification solely from a developmental perspective, considering how LR formation is evaluated in an individual parent root. We do not consider studies that approach root system development from ecological, root-soil-continuum, or highthroughput phenotyping perspectives (for example, Dupuy et al., 2005Dupuy et al., , 2010Trachsel et al., 2011).We have seen greatly increasing attention directed toward root development over the past 20 years. A bibliographic search on the term "lateral roots" in Web of Science from Thomson Reuters during the period 1990 to 2010 produced a total of 2619 documents and showed a 12-fold increase in publications in the last 21 years (19 publications in 1990 compared with 238 in 2010). This enhanced number of studies of root development has involved many plant biologists whose field of expertise is not root biology or plant development. As a consequence, it is our observation that many studies suffer from one or a number of inaccuracies or elementary errors in quantification of LR formation. This prompted us to write this Commentary with the aim of illustrating how an elementary error can lead to uncertain or misleading conclusions about ro...

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“…Subsequent analysis showed that BRX mediates the interaction between brassinosteroids and auxin pathways, which is required for root growth (Mouchel et al, 2006). Later analysis suggested that BRX is also involved in cytokinin-mediated inhibition of LR development (Li et al, 2009) and furthermore, the auxin-cytokinin cross talk that coordinates cell division and differentiation in the root tip (Scacchi et al, 2010). Combining high-throughput confocal microscopy imaging, GWAS, and expression analysis, a then-uncharacterized gene encoding an F-box protein was found that underlies the natural variation of root development in a broad set of accessions (Meijón et al, 2014).…”

Section: Using Natural Variation To Identify Regulators Of Root Growtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Variation of Root Traits: From Development to Nutrient Uptake

Ristova

Busch

2014

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

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BREVIS RADIX is involved in cytokinin-mediated inhibition of lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis

Cited by 39 publications

References 66 publications

Dissecting the Role of CHITINASE-LIKE1 in Nitrate-Dependent Changes in Root Architecture

Dissecting the Role of CHITINASE-LIKE1 in Nitrate-Dependent Changes in Root Architecture

Quantitative Analysis of Lateral Root Development: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

Natural Variation of Root Traits: From Development to Nutrient Uptake

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