Bricking: A New Slicing Method to Reduce Warping

Guerrero-de-Mier, A.; Espinosa, María del Mar Benavides; Domínguez, M.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.488

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the primary sources of FDM 3D printed part inaccuracy in an open source end-user FDM 3D printer is the fact that the thermoplastic filaments materials that come out from its small extruding nozzle tend to shrink (warp) and sometimes a few layers peel away from the printer's build plate, mainly in corners, due to its solidification temperature, though they provide conceivably low-cost alternatives to conventional machining. In this regard, this high degree of warping deformation in an enduser FDM 3D printer during the cooling process, which does not occur uniformly along the different axis, has been highlighted by several researchers at large scale (macro level) [11,15,24,25,26]. Other challenges of increasing the percentage of the final products with AM in the industry is the lower dimensional accuracy of these technologies compared to the subtractive manufacturing processes (turning, milling, boring, broaching, drilling, grinding, and so on).…”

Section: Motivation and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of the Influence of Nozzle Temperature in FDM 3D Printed Pure PLA and Advanced PLA+

Alsoufi¹,

Alhazmi²,

Suker³

et al. 2019

AJME

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper experimentally observed at a small level the influence of nozzle temperature change on warping deformation (WD), dimensional Accuracy (DA) and density. The materials chosen are pure PLA and advanced PLA+ specimens of rectangular shape of 63.5 mm × 9.53 mm × 3.2 mm produced by the end-user 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling (FDM). During the printing work, the nozzle temperature was conducted at twelve different values 195°C to 250°C with 5°C increments. Additionally, the infill density was set at 20% along with infill line direction of 0°, 90°, 45° and ±45°. After the fabrication, the FDM 3D printed parts naturally cooled down to room temperature at T = 23±2°C. As a result, the higher the nozzle temperature, the lower the deformed shape errors (with low uncertainty) of the specimens were. Experimental results show that the measured dimensions are always more than the original CAD file dimension along the height but less than the original CAD file dimensions along the width and length. The density measurements of both materials at 90° infill line direction have higher values compared with other directions (0°, 45°, ±45°), which have very similar results. The data and knowledge obtained from this investigation can be helpful for both an academic and an industrial perspective to set optimum nozzle temperature at small scale level and also it can be used to fabricate low-cost functional objects. Furthermore, it will also allow us to redesign the original CAD file in order to compensate the warping deformation encountered when using end-user FDM 3D additive manufacturing.

show abstract

Section: Motivation and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of the Influence of Nozzle Temperature in FDM 3D Printed Pure PLA and Advanced PLA+

Alsoufi¹,

Alhazmi²,

Suker³

et al. 2019

AJME

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other more elaborated strategies that could be applied to PP components to mitigate warpage deal with geometrical or external processing parameters. A case in point is a change in the slicing strategy, in which the warpage is decreased by reducing the stacking section length by slicing smaller brick structures instead of the whole geometrical feature . This strategy, although, can have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of the printed parts.…”

Section: The Big Issue Of Warpage For 3d‐printed Ppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

Spoerk

Holzer

González-Gutiérrez

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

213

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (ME-AM) is an emerging processing technique that is characterized by the selective deposition of thermoplastic filaments in a layer-by-layer manner based on digital part models. Recently, it has attracted considerable attention, as this technique offers manifold benefits over conventional manufacturing technologies. However, to meet the challenges of complex industrial applications, certain shortcomings of ME-AM still need to be overcome. A case in point is the limited amount of semicrystalline thermoplastics, which are still not established as reliable, commercial filament materials. Particularly, polypropylene (PP) offers attractive properties that are unique among the ME-AM material portfolio. This review describes the current approaches of fabricating PP components by ME-AM. Both commercial and scientific strategies to make PP 3D-printable are elaborated and compared. As dimensional issues are especially problematic for PP, a comprehensive section of this review focuses on the strategies developed for mitigating warpage for PP parts fabricated by ME-AM.

show abstract

“…The FDM process also brings additional constraints during manufacturing, due to the progressive cooling of the lower layers of the part being manufactured, causing a warping phenomenon, mainly in the corners. Here again, manufacturing and mesoscale parameters can have an impact on minimizing this phenomenon, for example by splitting pieces in hexagonal or squared bricks spatially locked [32], or by modulating layer thickness and extrusion velocity [33]. However, this phenomenon can be minimized simply by adopting a number of good practices: increase adhesion to the build plate, use a heated build plate, level correctly the build plate, add a brim or a raft, control cooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A design methodology for additive manufacturing applied to fused deposition modeling process

Boyard

Christmann

Rivette

et al. 2019

Mechanics & Industry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this article is to propose a design methodology for the production of parts in additive manufacturing (AM). The AM process allows new features (e.g., multi-material, fixed assemblies, complex shapes), and this paradigm shift requires the accompaniment of designers to take account of these characteristics. In response to this problematic, we propose a design methodology, in three stages, which respects the integrity of the digital channel and whose purpose is to provide a digital mock-up sliced ready to be manufactured on the most common AM process (Fused Deposition Modeling). From the specifications and the process knowledge, our methodology provides the designer a first solid geometry which satisfies all the constraints. Then, a topology optimization limits the useful volume of material of the part in order to limit the weight and the manufacturing time. If necessary, an optimized support providing manufacturability of the part is generated according to the same criteria. The methodology we propose is applied to a real industrial part.

show abstract

Bricking: A New Slicing Method to Reduce Warping

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Characterization of the Influence of Nozzle Temperature in FDM 3D Printed Pure PLA and Advanced PLA+

Experimental Characterization of the Influence of Nozzle Temperature in FDM 3D Printed Pure PLA and Advanced PLA+

Material extrusion‐based additive manufacturing of polypropylene: A review on how to improve dimensional inaccuracy and warpage

A design methodology for additive manufacturing applied to fused deposition modeling process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About