Bridging Bench to Clinic: Roles of Animal Models for Post‐Genomics Drug Discovery on Metabolic Diseases

Wong, Chi‐Wai; Chen, Ling

doi:10.1002/9780470131862.ch19

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Microarray technology has developed rapidly and numerous text books and reviews have been published addressing the critical issues of microarray experimental design,48 data analyses,49 and the application of microarray technology to investigate normal physiology50 and disease pathogenesis 51,52. Microarrays have been developed for a wide variety of microbial pathogens and host systems, but the application of this technology to functional genomic studies is very recent 53–58. A variety of commercial microarrays are now available for different species and microarrays representing specific cell signaling pathways or biological functions are being used as routine tools to address hypotheses in basic research and clinical trials.…”

Section: Omics At a Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease

Aich¹,

Potter²,

Griebel³

2009

IJGM

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Studies in animals and humans link both physical and psychological stress with an increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections. For this manuscript we define stress as the physiological responses an individual undergoes while adjusting to a continually changing environment. It is known that stressors of various types (psychological/physical) can alter the physiological levels of certain hormones, chemokines and cytokines. These alterations send information to the central nervous system to take necessary action which then sends messages to appropriate organs/tissues/cells to respond. These messages can either activate or suppress the immune system as needed and failure to compensate for this by the body can lead to serious health-related problems. Little is known how stress affects disease susceptibility, yet understanding this mechanism is important for developing effective treatments, and for improving health and food quality. The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. The methodologies included in this review span traditional epidemiological, behavioral and immunological studies to current high throughput genomic, proteomic, metabolomic/metabonomic approaches. With the advent of various newer omics and bioinformatics methodologies we postulate that it will become feasible to understand the mechanisms through which stress can influence disease onset. Although the literature in this area is limited because of the infancy of this research area, the objective of this review is to illustrate the power of new approaches to address complex biological questions. These new approaches will also aid in our understanding how these processes are related to the dynamics and kinetics of changes in expression of multiple genes at various levels.

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