Bridging intestinal immunity and gut microbiota by metabolites

Wang, Gang; Huang, Shuo; Wang, Yuming; Cai, Shuang; Yu, Haitao; Liu, Hongbin; Zeng, Xiangfang; Zhang, Guolong; Qiao, Shiyan

doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03190-6

Cited by 220 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 232 publications

(275 reference statements)

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“…In fact, diet and the gut microbiome may influence inflammation and Trp metabolism by several ways (251): Microbiota metabolize phytochemicals (e.g., in vegetables) to indoles, which activate AhR as ligands, while other microbialderived metabolites such as the short chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate, and acetate importantly mediate the crosstalk between host-microbiota and thereby have immune modulating effects (251). Actually Trp metabolic pathways are regarded as key biochemical pathways influencing the microbiota-neuralimmune axis by translating information on the nutritional, inflammatory, microbial, and emotional state of the organism to the immune system (252)(253)(254) and by modulating intestinal immune response (251).…”

Section: Nutrition Microbiome and Physical Activity And Its Associamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer

et al. 2020

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Many patients with cancer suffer from anemia, depression, and an impaired quality of life (QoL). These patients often also show decreased plasma tryptophan levels and increased kynurenine concentrations in parallel with elevated concentrations of Th1 type immune activation marker neopterin. In the course of anti-tumor immune response, the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induces both, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to degrade tryptophan and the enzyme GTP-cyclohydrolase I to form neopterin. High neopterin concentrations as well as an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (Kyn/Trp) in the blood of cancer patients are predictive for a worse outcome. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway is related to fatigue and anemia as well as to depression and a decreased QoL in patients with solid tumors. In fact, enhanced tryptophan breakdown might greatly contribute to the development of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients. IDO activation and stimulation of the kynurenine pathway exert immune regulatory mechanisms, which may impair anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, tumor cells can degrade tryptophan to weaken immune responses directed against them. High IDO expression in the tumor tissue is associated with a poor prognosis of patients. The efficiency of IDO-inhibitors to inhibit cancer progression is currently tested in combination with established chemotherapies and with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Inflammation-mediated tryptophan catabolism and its possible influence on the development and persistence of anemia, fatigue, and depression in cancer patients are discussed.

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Section: Nutrition Microbiome and Physical Activity And Its Associamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer

et al. 2020

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“…Part of the difficulty in understanding MNP function may be the spectrum of MNP subsets, which can complicate comparison of data from different research groups and lead to discrepancies (45,261,324,325). Moreover, intestinal MNP regulation is complex and influenced by other immune cells, epithelial cells, and stromal cells (263,274,275,326), as well as microbiota and metabolic components (17,327,328). Nevertheless, it is clear that the increase of immature Mfs and activated cDCs play a major role in IBD pathogenesis given their production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and their activation of stromal cells promoting their own recruitment and perpetuating an inflammatory cycle that leads to intestinal damage.…”

Section: What Is the Current Status Of Human Intestinal Mnp Studies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Caër

Wick

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity while controlling pathogen invasion by activating an appropriate immune response. However, in genetically predisposed individuals, uncontrolled immune activation to intestinal flora is thought to underlie the chronic mucosal inflammation that can ultimately result in IBD. Thus, MNPs are involved in fine-tuning mucosal immune system responsiveness and have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis or, potentially, the emergence of IBD. MNPs include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are functionally diverse but highly complementary. Despite their crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, specific functions of human MNP subsets are poorly understood, especially during diseases such as IBD. Here we review the current understanding of MNP ontogeny, as well as the recently identified human intestinal MNP subsets, and discuss their role in health and IBD.

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“…Part of these metabolites play a pivotal role in the transmission of host cells to the intestinal environment. Different segments of intestine are harbored by different species of microbiota, and each part has the specific effect on chemical signals of host-microbiota information exchange [20]. Such potential ''signal molecules" include low-molecular weight metabolites, polypeptides, proteins, etc.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Metabolism Of Nutrients and Other Food Componmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis Development

et al. 2020

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Gut microbiota metabolites have a great influence on host digestive function and body health itself. The effects of intestinal microbes on the host metabolism and nutrients absorption are mainly due to regulatory mechanisms related to serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites. Multiple studies have repeatedly reported that the gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the absorption of bioactive compounds by converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. Moreover, some intestinal metabolites derived from natural polyphenol products have more biological activities than their own fundamental biological functions. Bioactive like polyphenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics are the best known dietary strategies for regulating the composition of gut microbial populations or metabolic/immunological activities, which are called “three “p” for gut health”. Intestinal microbial metabolites have an indirect effect on atherosclerosis, by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been found that the diversity of intestinal microbiota negatively correlates with the development of atherosclerosis. The fewer the variation and number of microbial species in the gut, the higher the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Therefore, the atherosclerosis can be prevented and treated from the perspective of improving the number and variability of gut microbiota. In here, we summarize the effects of gut metabolites of natural products on the pathological process of the atherosclerosis, since gut intestinal metabolites not only have an indirect effect on macrophage foaming in the vessel wall, but also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells.

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Bridging intestinal immunity and gut microbiota by metabolites

Cited by 220 publications

References 232 publications

Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer

Inflammation-Induced Tryptophan Breakdown is Related With Anemia, Fatigue, and Depression in Cancer

Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis Development

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