Bridging Nano and Body Area Networks: A Full Architecture for Cardiovascular Health Applications

Abstract

Cardiovascular events occurring in the bloodstream are responsible for about 40% of human deaths in developed countries. Motivated by this fact, we present a new global network architecture for a system for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular events, focusing on problems related to pulmonary artery occlusion, i.e., situations of artery blockage by a blood clot. The proposed system is based on bio-sensors for detection of artery blockage and bio-actuators for releasing appropriate medicines, both types of devices being implanted in pulmonary arteries. The system can be used by a person leading an active life and provides bidirectional communication with medical personnel via nano-nodes circulating in the bloodstream constituting an in-body area network. We derive an analytical model for calculating the required number of nano-nodes to detect artery blockage and the probability of activating a bioactuator. We also analyze the performance of the body area component of the system in terms of path loss and of wireless links budget. Results show that the system can diagnose a blocked artery in about 3 hours and that after another 3 hours medicines can be released in the exact spot of the artery occlusion, while with current medical practices the average time for diagnosis varies between 5 to 9 days.

Nanomedicine: Treatment of Chronic Disease Using Gold Nano Thermo Robot (GNTR) Empowered With Nanotechnology Approaches

“…The proposed Nano therapeutic device also has the aptitude to control the intensity of heat by using the proposed heat control system at 33 𝐶 0 to 45 𝐶 0 [33]. This range of heat is sufficient to damage the cancerous cells with a radius of 8 to 13 μ m of proposed GNTRs [33,62]. A Transducer device is used to transfer the store heat to the tumor.…”

A Systematic Review of Machine Learning and IoT Applied to the Prediction and Monitoring of Cardiovascular Diseases

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“…The lowest reported accuracy was 88.42% by Dami and Yahaghizadeh [76], while Miao et al [75] reported 89% and 94%. Bio-sensors [77] Diagnostic system based on implanted devices and nano-nodes circulating in the cardiovascular system…”