Sunlight-driven
water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated
intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential
to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society.
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of
overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron
transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed
for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging
research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic
technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER.
Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based
photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept
is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric
photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely,
light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation
reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts
will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting
and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable,
and renewable manner using solar energy.