Bridging Process Threshold for Sediment Infiltrating into a Coarse Substrate

Gibson, Stanford; Abraham, David D.; Heath, Ronald E.; Schoellhamer, David H.

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000219

Cited by 43 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The process of fine sediment infiltration into immobile clean gravel was investigated, mainly for non-cohesive sediments, experimentally (see Einstein, 1968;Beschta and Jackson, 1979;Schälchli, 1992;Haynes et al, 2009;Gibson et al, 2010;Wren et al, 2011, among others) and theoretically (Sakthivadivel and Einstein, 1970;Cui et al, 2008;Nuñez Gonzalez, 2016;Herrero and Berni, 2016). To a lesser extent, one can find a number of field (Frostick et al, 1984;Lisle, 1989;Sear, 1993) and laboratory experiments examining the infiltration of cohesive sediments (Krishnappan and Engel, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of moderately sorted gravel at low bed shear stresses: The role of fine sediment infiltration

Perret

Berni

Camenen

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A reliable estimation of sediment transport in gravel‐bed streams is important for various practical engineering and biological studies (e.g., channel stability design, bed degradation/aggradation, restoration of spawning habitat). In the present work, we report original laboratory experiments investigating the transport of gravel particles at low bed shear stresses. The laboratory tests were conducted under unsteady flow conditions inducing low bed shear stresses, with detailed monitoring of the bed topography using a laser scanner. Effects of bed surface arrangements were documented by testing loose and packed bed configurations. Effects of fine sediments were examined by testing beds with sand, artificial fine sand or cohesive silt infiltrated in the gravel matrix. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that the transport of gravel particles depends upon the bed arrangement, the bed material properties (e.g., size and shape, consolidation index, permeability) and the concentration of fine sediments within the surface layer of moving grains. This concentration is directly related to the distribution of fine particles within the gravel matrix (i.e., bottom‐up infiltration or bridging) and their transport mode (i.e., bedload or suspended load). Compared to loose beds, the mobility of gravel is reduced for packed beds and for beds clogged from the bottom up with cohesive fine sediments; in both cases, the bed shear stress for gravel entrainment increases by about 12%. On the other hand, the mobility of gravel increases significantly (bed shear stress for particle motion decreasing up to 40%) for beds clogged at the surface by non‐cohesive sand particles. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of moderately sorted gravel at low bed shear stresses: The role of fine sediment infiltration

Perret

Berni

Camenen

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ratio between the diameter of coarse particles (forming the framework) and the infiltrating fine sediment (termed the grain size ratio) has been the focus of experimental work, in an effort to understand and quantify infiltration processes (e.g. Frings, Kleinhans, & Vollmer, ; Gibson, Abraham, Heath, & Schoellhamer, ,b; Herrero & Berni, ). In riverbeds where interstitial space permits, fine sediment typically infiltrates unhindered with pore spaces being filled from the base of the deposit upwards (Diplas & Parker, ), termed unimpeded static percolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of fine sediment characteristics and body size on the vertical movement of a freshwater amphipod

Mathers

Hill

Wood³

et al. 2018

Freshwater Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sedimentation and clogging (colmation) of interstitial pore spaces with fine sediment particles is widely considered to be one of the most significant threats to lotic ecosystem functioning. This paper presents the results of a running water mesocosm study examining the effect of benthic and hyporheic fine sediment loading and particle size on the vertical movement and distribution of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. A gradient of fine sediment loading and different particle sizes were used to examine the ability of G. pulex from two body size classes to access and migrate vertically within subsurface sediments. We tested three hypotheses: (a) sediment loading would modify the distribution of G. pulex by limiting vertical movement; (b) the deposition of large particles and heterogenous sediments would limit the vertical movement of individuals more than homogeneous fine‐grained sediments; and (c) large bodied individuals would be prevented from migrating vertically with increasing sediment loading and particle size/heterogeneity. Sediment loading, particle size and heterogeneity of deposited sediment had a significant effect on the vertical movement of individuals, with heterogeneous sand (0.125–4 mm) acting as the strongest barrier to the vertical movement of individuals through the infilling and clogging of interstitial spaces followed by coarse (1–4 mm) and fine sand (0.125–4 mm). Fine sediment loading and particle size acted as a filter on body size and limited the ability of large bodied individuals to migrate vertically to a greater extent than small bodied individuals. This study demonstrates that the effects of fine sediment on habitat availability and faunal movement is dependent on both sedimentological characteristics and an individual's body size. The results illustrate the importance of both abiotic and biotic factors when evaluating the ecological effects of fine sediment deposition.

show abstract

“…Depending upon the size ratio, these studies have observed the finer sediment either to exhibit unimpeded static percolation, to form a bridge layer, or not to infiltrate into the bed (Table ). The term ‘unimpeded percolation’ describes the process in which the voids in the sediment matrix are filled from the base of the deposit upward with relatively constant fine content (Einstein, ; Gibson et al ., ). A bridge layer forms when fine sediments become blocked in void throats so they infiltrate only to a limited depth, found to range typically between 2.5 and 5.0 D 90 (Lisle, ) ( D x denotes the grain size at which x percent is finer).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration of fine sediment into a coarse mobile bed: a phenomenological study

Dudill

Frey

Church

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experiments were undertaken to study the nature of granular interaction in running water by examining the influence of fine grain inputs to a coarser sediment bed with a mobile surface. Video recordings of grain sorting by both kinetic sieving and spontaneous percolation are used to diagnose the critical processes controlling the overall bed response. Kinetic sieving takes place in the mobile bed surface, with the finer sediment moving to the bottom of the bedload transport layer at the interface with the underlying quasi‐static coarse bed. We show that the behavior at this interface dictates how a channel responds to a fine sediment input. If, by spontaneous percolation, the fine sediment is able to infiltrate into the underlying quasi‐static bed, the total transport increases and the channel degrades. However, if the fine sediment input rate exceeds the transport capacity or is geometrically unable to infiltrate into the underlying bed, it forms a quasi‐static layer underneath the transport layer that inhibits entrainment from the underlying bed, resulting in aggradation and an increase in bed slope. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Bridging Process Threshold for Sediment Infiltrating into a Coarse Substrate

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Transport of moderately sorted gravel at low bed shear stresses: The role of fine sediment infiltration

Transport of moderately sorted gravel at low bed shear stresses: The role of fine sediment infiltration

The role of fine sediment characteristics and body size on the vertical movement of a freshwater amphipod

Infiltration of fine sediment into a coarse mobile bed: a phenomenological study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About