Bridging science and technology through academic–industry partnerships

Chai, Sen; Shih, Willy C.

doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.07.007

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, Melin and Danell (2006) found that, for a Swedish research funding program aiming to develop research with industrial applications with large, 6-year grants, funded applicants generated more patents and more spin-off companies than unfunded applicants, although the sample is small with large variation in patent output (which may in part be due to the wide breadth of scientific fields). Chai and Shih (2016) also found that firms funded by an academic-industry partnership received significantly more patents than unfunded applicant firms, although the effects depended on the size and age of the firm. These results suggest some level of review validity, although it is still unclear how and to what extent the funding can promote patent creation.…”

Section: Patents/technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

External Tests of Peer Review Validity Via Impact Measures

Gallo

Glisson

2018

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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Peer review is used commonly across science as a tool to evaluate the merit and potential impact of research projects and make funding recommendations. However, potential impact is likely to be difficult to assess ex-ante; some attempts have been made to assess the predictive accuracy of these review decisions using impact measures of the results of the completed projects. Although many outputs, and thus potential measures of impact, exist for research projects, the overwhelming majority of evaluation of research output is focused on bibliometrics. We review the multiple types of potential impact measures with an interest in their application to validate review decisions. A review of the current literature on validating peer review decisions with research output impact measures is presented here; only 48 studies were identified, about half of which were US based and sample size per study varied greatly. 69% of the studies employed bibliometrics as a research output. While 52% of the studies employed alternative measures (like patents and technology licensing, post-project peer review, international collaboration, future funding success, securing tenure track positions, and career satisfaction), only 25% of all projects used more than one measure of research output. Overall, 91% of studies with unfunded controls and 71% of studies without such controls provided evidence for at least some level of predictive validity of review decisions. However, several studies reported observing sizable type I and II errors as well. Moreover, many of the observed effects were small and several studies suggest a coarse power to discriminate poor proposals from better ones, but not amongst the top tier proposals or applicants (although discriminatory ability depended on the impact metric). This is of particular concern in an era of low funding success, where many top tier proposals are unfunded. More research is needed, particularly in integrating multiple types of impact indicators in these validity tests, as well as considering the context of the research outputs relative to goals of the research program and concerns for reproducibility, translatability and publication bias. In parallel, more research is needed focusing on the internal validity of review decision making procedures and reviewer bias.Keywords: research funding, peer review, impact metrics, validity, grant GRANT PEER REVIEW AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTMost would generally agree the purpose of biomedical research is to advance knowledge for societal benefit, with the hope of favorably impacting disease outcomes and improving global health. Indeed, the National Institutes of Health (NIH ), the world's largest funder of biomedical research, characterizes their mission as to "seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and Gallo and GlissonReview Validity via Impact Measures behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability" (NIH, 2017). To help select which research projects to fund to achieve...

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Section: Patents/technology Developmentmentioning

confidence: 94%

External Tests of Peer Review Validity Via Impact Measures

Gallo

Glisson

2018

Front. Res. Metr. Anal.

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“…Outras maneiras para aumentar a utilização de patentes por pequenas empresas são parcerias com organizações de pesquisa ou universidades (Chai, & Shih, 2016) e a associação em parceria efetiva com grandes empresas a partir da fase de planejamento de um novo produto, isso suportado por um método que permite selecionar de maneira adequada a pequena empresa de maior potencial (Lee, & Yoon, 2013 …”

Section: Uso De Patentes Por Pequenas Empresasunclassified

Mineração de Patentes e Pequenas Empresas: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Sobre Oportunidades de Negócio Sob a Ótica da Inovação Aberta

Petta

Ferraz

Pedron

et al. 2018

REGEPE Entrep. Small Bus. J.

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RESUMOEste artigo destaca a mineração de patentes como meio para identificar oportunidades de negócio voltadas às pequenas empresas, valorizando em particular, a ferramenta computacional Patent2Net. Após uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as interrelações entre estes temas, concluiu-se que a mineração de patentes pode representar oportunidades efetivas tanto no âmbito da pesquisa e desenvolvimento, como na aplicação comercial. Sob a ótica da Teoria da Inovação Aberta, é possível que as pequenas empresas usem ferramentas de mineração de patentes para: 1) levantar recursos, 2) estabelecer parcerias com universidades, outras empresas e instituições de pesquisa; e 3) aperfeiçoar tecnologias e produtos existentes a partir do desenvolvimento de novas invenções e do registro formal das mesmas. O artigo busca também abrir portas para o diálogo sobre o treinamento na utilização das ferramentas para mineração de patentes como facilitador na busca do desenvolvimento tecnológico compartilhado.

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“…With data on patented cancer research they find that university researchers have a higher propensity to generate more original patents when they are partly funded by their own university in contrast to university researchers funded either by industry or other non-university organizations. Other research on funding is the study of Chai and Shih (2016) in which these authors focus on the transformation of new scientific knowledge from academic research into commercialized products of private firms. They assess the effect of funded partnerships between universities and private companies on the innovative performance of the participating firms.…”

Section: Universities As Sources Of Technological Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Raan

2017

Journal of Data and Information Science

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Purpose First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature (scientific non-patent references, SNPRs). Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%–4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a “second order SNPR approach” enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers (TRPs). In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technology-relevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

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Bridging science and technology through academic–industry partnerships

Cited by 67 publications

References 50 publications

External Tests of Peer Review Validity Via Impact Measures

External Tests of Peer Review Validity Via Impact Measures

Mineração de Patentes e Pequenas Empresas: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Sobre Oportunidades de Negócio Sob a Ótica da Inovação Aberta

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation: A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

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