Bridging the Gap: An Updated Overview of Clovis across Middle America and its Techno-Cultural Relation with Fluted Point Assemblages from South America

Pearson, Georges A.

doi:10.1080/20555563.2017.1328953

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Most important, our discovery that the Clovis-associated Anzick-1 genome at ∼12,800 BP shares distinctive ancestry with the oldest Chilean, Brazilian, and Belizean individuals supports the hypothesis that an expansion of people who spread the Clovis culture in North America also affected Central and South America, as expected if the spread of the Fishtail Complex in Central and South America and the Clovis Complex in North America were part of the same phenomenon (direct confirmation would require ancient DNA from a Fishtail-context) ( Pearson, 2017 ). However, the fact that the great majority of ancestry of later South Americans lacks specific affinity to Anzick-1 rules out the hypothesis of a homogeneous founding population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

Posth

Nakatsuka

Lazaridis

et al. 2018

Cell

288

317

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SummaryWe report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

Posth

Nakatsuka

Lazaridis

et al. 2018

Cell

288

317

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This blade rejuvenation technique has been argued as evidence of Lowe bifaces being fashioned as hafted knives, harpoons, or thrusting weapon tips [17]. It is possible that these represent a continuum from large early stage knives to end reduction stage projectiles with shifting functions [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

et al. 2019

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From the perspective of Central and South America, the peopling of the New World was a complex process lasting thousands of years and involving multiple waves of Pleistocene and early Holocene period immigrants entering into the neotropics. These Paleoindian colonists initially brought with them technologies developed for adaptation to environments and resources found in North America. As the ice age ended across the New World people adapted more generalized stone tools to exploit changing environments and resources. In the neotropics these changes would have been pronounced as patchy forests and grasslands gave way to broadleaf tropical forests. We document a late Pleistocene/early Holocene stone tool tradition from Belize, located in southern Mesoamerica. This represents the first endogenous Paleoindian stone tool technocomplex recovered from well dated stratigraphic contexts for Mesoamerica. Previously designated Lowe, these artifacts share multiple features with contemporary North and South American Paleoindian tool types. Once hafted, these bifaces appear to have served multiple functions for cutting, hooking, thrusting, or throwing. The tools were developed at a time of technological regionalization reflecting the diverse demands of a period of pronounced environmental change and population movement. Combined stratigraphic, technological, and population paleogenetic data suggests that there were strong ties between lowland neotropic regions at the onset of the Holocene.

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“…In North America, the fluting method has been viewed as part of a coherent technological tradition which spread rapidly with the very first hunters [45,46,87,88]. Comparisons of fluted points from northern and southern parts of the New World have influenced the debate on South America's peopling and cultural origins [89,90]. Dating of fluted point assemblages in South America indicate that ages are as early as North American examples [76,77,91,92], raising a question as to how this distinctive knapping method appeared almost simultaneously in both parts of two continents.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of the Fluting Methods Across The Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluted-point technology in Neolithic Arabia: An independent invention far from the Americas

et al. 2020

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New World archaeologists have amply demonstrated that fluted point technology is specific to Terminal Pleistocene American cultures. Base-fluted, and rarer tip-fluted, projectile points from the Americas have been well-documented by archaeologists for nearly a century. Fluting is an iconic stone tool manufacturing method and a specific action that involves the extraction of a channel flake along the longitudinal axis of a bifacial piece. Here we report and synthesize information from Neolithic sites in southern Arabia, demonstrating the presence of fluting on a variety of stone tool types including projectile points. Fluted projectile points are known from both surface sites and stratified contexts in southern Arabia. Fluting technology has been clearly identified at the Manayzah site (Yemen) dating to 8000-7700 cal. BP. Examination of fluted points and channel flakes from southern Arabia enable a reconstruction of stone tool manufacturing techniques and reduction sequences (chaines opé ratoires). To illustrate the technological similarities and contrasts of fluting methods in Arabia and the Americas, comparative studies and experiments were conducted. Similarities in manufacturing approaches were observed on the fluting scars of bifacial pieces, whereas technological differences are apparent in the nature and localization of the flute and, most probably, the functional objective of fluting in economic, social and cultural contexts. Arabian and American fluted point technologies provide an excellent example of convergence of highly specialized stone tool production methods. Our description of Arabian and American fluting technology demonstrates that similar innovations and inventions were developed under different circumstances, and that highly-skilled and convergent production methods can have different anthropological implications.

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Bridging the Gap: An Updated Overview of Clovis across Middle America and its Techno-Cultural Relation with Fluted Point Assemblages from South America

Cited by 30 publications

References 91 publications

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

Fluted-point technology in Neolithic Arabia: An independent invention far from the Americas

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