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Smart materials react to physical fields (e.g. electric, magnetic and thermal fields) and can be used as sensors, actuators and generators due to their bidirectional behavior. Easy and multiscale access to material data and models enables efficient research and development with regard to the selection of appropriate materials and their optimization towards specific applications. However, different working principles, measurement and analysis methods, as well as data storage approaches lead to heterogeneous and partly inconsistent datasets. The ontology‐based data access (OBDA) is a suitable method to access such heterogeneous datasets easily and quickly, while material models can transform material data across certain scales for different applications. In order to connect both capabilities, we present an extended approach enabling an ontology‐based data and model access (OBDMA), also supporting FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re‐usable). The OBDMA system comprises four main levels, the query, the ontology, the mapping and the database. Storing knowledge at these different levels increases the interchangeability and enables variable datasets, which is essential, especially for dynamic research fields such as smart materials. In our paper, the principles and advantages of the OBDMA approach are demonstrated for different subclasses of smart materials, but can be transferred to other materials, too.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Smart materials react to physical fields (e.g. electric, magnetic and thermal fields) and can be used as sensors, actuators and generators due to their bidirectional behavior. Easy and multiscale access to material data and models enables efficient research and development with regard to the selection of appropriate materials and their optimization towards specific applications. However, different working principles, measurement and analysis methods, as well as data storage approaches lead to heterogeneous and partly inconsistent datasets. The ontology‐based data access (OBDA) is a suitable method to access such heterogeneous datasets easily and quickly, while material models can transform material data across certain scales for different applications. In order to connect both capabilities, we present an extended approach enabling an ontology‐based data and model access (OBDMA), also supporting FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re‐usable). The OBDMA system comprises four main levels, the query, the ontology, the mapping and the database. Storing knowledge at these different levels increases the interchangeability and enables variable datasets, which is essential, especially for dynamic research fields such as smart materials. In our paper, the principles and advantages of the OBDMA approach are demonstrated for different subclasses of smart materials, but can be transferred to other materials, too.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article describes advancements in the ongoing digital transformation in materials science and engineering. It is driven by domain‐specific successes and the development of specialized digital data spaces. There is an evident and increasing need for standardization across various subdomains to support science data exchange across entities. The MaterialDigital Initiative, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, takes on a key role in this context, fostering collaborative efforts to establish a unified materials data space. The implementation of digital workflows and Semantic Web technologies, such as ontologies and knowledge graphs, facilitates the semantic integration of heterogeneous data and tools at multiple scales. Central to this effort is the prototyping of a knowledge graph that employs application ontologies tailored to specific data domains, thereby enhancing semantic interoperability. The collaborative approach of the Initiative's community provides significant support infrastructure for understanding and implementing standardized data structures, enhancing the efficiency of data‐driven processes in materials development and discovery. Insights and methodologies developed via the MaterialDigital Initiative emphasize the transformative potential of ontology‐based approaches in materials science, paving the way toward simplified integration into a unified, consolidated data space of high value.
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