Progress in using information technology to achieve the goal of high-quality health care is hindered by the lack of coordinated data standards. To accelerate quality improvement in pediatrics, child health providers must participate actively in the creation of health care data standards. To do so will require far greater understanding on the part of pediatricians and other pediatric providers regarding the scope and role of data standards in advancing health information systems for children, as well as how data standards could improve quality in child health, what kinds of data standards hold the most promise for quality improvement in child health, and how child health professionals can engage in the work of creating data standards. Child health professionals in organized and academic medicine should participate in standards development organizations, to present the pediatric point of view as data standards emerge. They also should support efforts to certify electronic health record systems that include pediatric functionality. A major challenge to academic pediatrics is to prove that data standards can lead to improved health outcomes for children; this is only a compelling conjecture as of this writing. Pediatrics 2009;123:S74-S79 T HE INSTITUTE OF Medicine specifies 6 attributes of quality in health care, namely, safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equitability. 1 The medical community broadly accepts that information technology (IT) and health care information systems will play an important role in implementing and measuring these quality attributes. 2,3 Progress in using IT to achieve these ends is hindered, however, by the lack of coordinated data standards. 4 To accelerate quality improvement in pediatrics, child health providers must participate actively in the creation of health care data standards. In this report, we describe how data standards could improve quality in child health, what kinds of data standards hold the most promise for quality improvement in child health, and how child health professionals can engage in the work of creating data standards.
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE DATA STANDARDSStandards exist to allow people in different roles or in different institutions to cooperate efficiently and effectively. For example, because electrical outlets in a given country are standardized, different manufacturers can produce appliances that work in every home. In health care, a standard definition of acute lymphoblastic leukemia assists practitioners in providing similar care to patients in different health care facilities. Time and energy do not need to be expended in converting electrical plugs or redefining acute lymphoblastic leukemia staging, because these standards have been accepted by a wide range of individuals.There are 3 types of data standards that influence health care IT, that is, terminology standards, messaging standards, and functional standards. Terminology standards specify which terms are to be used in a particular clinical domain and how e...