Brief cognitive screening instruments: an update

Ismail, Zahinoor; Rajji, Tarek K.; Shulman, Kenneth I.

doi:10.1002/gps.2306

Cited by 370 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…significant limitations [2]. The MoCA, however, has a higher sensitivity and similar specificity compared to the MMSE for diseases affecting cognition [3].…”

Section: E Borland Et Al / the Montreal Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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[P3–284]: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data From a Large Swedish Population‐based Cohort

Borland¹,

Nägga

Nilsson

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Abstract.Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has a high sensitivity for detecting cognitive dysfunction. Swedish normative data does not exist and international norms are often derived from populations where cognitive impairment has not been screened for and not been thoroughly assessed to exclude subjects with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Objective: To establish norms for MoCA and develop a regression-based norm calculator based on a large, well-examined cohort. Methods: MoCA was administered on 860 randomly selected elderly people from a population-based cohort from the EPIC study. Cognitive dysfunction was screened for and further assessed at a memory clinic. After excluding cognitively impaired participants, normative data was derived from 758 people, aged 65-85. Results: MoCA cut-offs (-1 to -2 standard deviations) for cognitive impairment ranged from <25 to <21 for the lowest educated and <26 to <24 for the highest educated, depending on age group. Significant predictors for MoCA score were age, sex and level of education. Conclusion: We present detailed normative MoCA data and cut-offs according to the DSM-5 criteria for cognitive impairment based on a large population-based cohort of elderly individuals, screened and thoroughly investigated to rule out cognitive impairment. Level of education, sex, and age should be taken in account when evaluating MoCA score, which is facilitated by our online regression-based calculator that provide percentile and z-score for a subject's MoCA score.

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“…significant limitations [2]. The MoCA, however, has a higher sensitivity and similar specificity compared to the MMSE for diseases affecting cognition [3].…”

Section: E Borland Et Al / the Montreal Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not find stronger association between the significant variables with total MoCA score using logarithmic, quadratic or cubic models (data not shown). The other vari- (1,2,3) …”

Section: Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

[P3–284]: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data From a Large Swedish Population‐based Cohort

Borland¹,

Nägga

Nilsson

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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show abstract

“…assist PCPs in detecting MCI, are gaining credibility because of improvements in sensitivity and decreasing susceptibility to cultural and educational biases (Table 2). 43 Although more complex than the MMSE and Mini-Cog, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment offers the advantage of testing multiple cognitive domains with an easy scoring system and is free for clinical use (www.mocatest.org). There are many other short and simple memory tests available that can be used as first-line screening tools for use in primary care.…”

Section: Performance-based Screening Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guidelines for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Dementia

Galvin

Sadowsky²

2012

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

162

120

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To date, user-friendly, practical guidelines for dementia have not been available for busy family physicians. However, the growing number of patients with dementia means that primary care physicians will have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and subsequent management of dementia. This article provides practical guidance for the recognition and diagnosis of dementia and is aimed at family physicians, who are usually the first clinicians to whom patients present with dementia symptoms. Because Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, this condition is the main focus of this article. We review the pathophysiology of AD and discuss recommended diagnostic protocols and the importance of early diagnosis. An AD diagnostic algorithm is provided, with clearly defined steps for screening and diagnosing AD and assessing daily functioning, behavioral symptoms, and caregiver sta- Dementia: an OverviewAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 60% of all cases, 1,2 and it is therefore the main focus of this article. AD destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking, and behavior severe enough to affect work, family, and social relationships and, eventually, the most basic activities of daily living (ADLs). AD and related disorders are a growing public health problem in the United States, with a prevalence ranging from 3% to 11% among people aged 65 years and older and from 25% to 47% among those aged older than 85 years. 3,4 There are an estimated 5.3 million cases of dementia in the United States, 5 and this number is expected to increase to 18.5 million by 2050. 6 The number of those afflicted is increasing annually as a result of the aging population. Dementia leads to a high burden of suffering for patients, families, and society, with an annual estimated cost of $172 billion. 5 People with dementia usually present first to their family physician, although an estimated 39% present to specialist clinics (neurologists, psychiatrists and geriatricians). 7 The primary care physician (PCP) is often the first physician to observe patients with possible dementia and often the only physician involved in making the diagnosis. 8 Because of the key role that PCPs play in the longterm management of elderly individuals with chronic disease, the growing number of patients with dementia will have a significant impact on these health professionals. 9 The rising number of patients with dementia means that family physicians will have an increasingly important role in recognizing early signs and symptoms of disease, ordering appropriate tests, formally diagnosing, and, finally, treating these patients. However, at present, diagnosing AD can be Funding: none. Conflict of interest:Dr Sadowsky has served as a consultant to Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, has served as a speaker for Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation and Forest Pharmaceuticals and Accera, and has received honoraria from these companies. James E Galvin is a paid consultant for ...

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“…Examples include Mini-Cog (https://mini-cog.com/about/ using-the-mini-cog/), Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT: http://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/silverb ook/tools/abbreviated-mental-test-score/) and general practitioner assessment of cognition (GPCOG: http:// gpcog.com.au/). 2 These take less than five minutes to administer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive screening during pharmacist medication reviews

Elliott

2018

Pharmacy Practice and Res

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Brief cognitive screening instruments: an update

Cited by 370 publications

References 54 publications

[P3–284]: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data From a Large Swedish Population‐based Cohort

[P3–284]: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data From a Large Swedish Population‐based Cohort

Practical Guidelines for the Recognition and Diagnosis of Dementia

Cognitive screening during pharmacist medication reviews

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