Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Pinnamaneni, Kranthi; Sievers, Richard E.; Sharma, Rikki; Selchau, Amanda M.; Gutiérrez, Gustavo; Nordsieck, Eric; Su, Robert; An, Shengli; Chen, Qiumei; Wang, Xiaoyin; Derakhshandeh, Ronak; Aschbacher, Kirstin; Heiß, Christian; Glantz, Stanton A.; Schick, Suzaynn F.; Springer, Matthew L.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt189

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…21,22 This rat model showed that impairment of FMD occurred with one minute of exposure to cigarette SHS. 23 We report here that brief exposure to little cigar SHS impairs vascular function in rats as least as much as exposure to cigarette SHS.…”

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confidence: 68%

Impairment of Endothelial Function by Little Cigar Secondhand Smoke

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Narayan³

et al. 2016

tobacco reg sci

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Objectives Little cigars and cigarillos are gaining in popularity as cigarette use wanes, mainly due to relaxed regulatory standards that make them cheaper, easier to buy individually, and available in a variety of flavors not allowed in cigarettes. To address whether they should be regulated as strictly as cigarettes, we investigated whether little cigar secondhand smoke (SHS) decreases vascular endothelial function like that of cigarettes. Methods We exposed rats to SHS from little cigars, cigarettes, or chamber air, for 10 minutes and measured the resulting acute impairment of arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results SHS from both little cigars and cigarettes impaired FMD. Impairment was greater after exposure to little cigar SHS than by cigarette SHS relative to pre-exposure values, although the post-exposure FMD values were not significantly different from each other. Conclusions Exposure to little cigar SHS leads to impairment of FMD that is at least equal to that resulting from similar levels of cigarette SHS. Our findings support the need to prevent even brief exposure to little cigar SHS, and support tobacco control policies that regulate little cigars as strictly as cigarettes.

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confidence: 68%

Impairment of Endothelial Function by Little Cigar Secondhand Smoke

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Narayan³

et al. 2016

tobacco reg sci

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“…Two of the subjects were tobacco users and while they abstained 12 h before FMD testing, constituents of cigarette smoke may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and the precise mechanisms by which tobacco leads to this altered vascular reactivity remain unclear, thus a longer period of abstinence may have been necessary [48, 49]. Additionally, we did not assess whether there was secondhand smoke exposure [50]. The heterogeneity of SSc treatment may have influenced the FMD results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic sclerosis induces pronounced peripheral vascular dysfunction characterized by blunted peripheral vasoreactivity and endothelial dysfunction

et al. 2014

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Systemic sclerosis (SSc) vasculopathy can result in a digital ulcer (DU) and/or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that bedside brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) testing with duplex ultrasound could be used in SSc patients to identify features of patients at risk for DU or PAH. Thirty-eight SSc patients were compared to 52 age-matched healthy controls from the VAMC Utah Vascular Research Laboratory. Peripheral hemodynamics, arterial structure, and endothelial function were assessed by duplex ultrasound. A blood pressure cuff was applied to the forearm and 5-min ischemia was induced. Post-occlusion, brachial artery vascular reactivity (peak hyperemia/area under the curve [AUC]), shear rate, and endothelial function (FMD) were measured. SSc patients had smaller brachial artery diameters (p<0.001) and less reactive hyperemia (p<0.001), peak shear rate (p= 0.03), and brachial artery FMD (p<0.001) compared with healthy controls. Brachial artery FMD was lower (p<0.05) in SSc patients with DU. Tertile analysis suggested the 2 lower FMD tertiles (<5.40 %) had a 40–50 % chance of presenting with DU while the SSc patients with highest FMD tertile (>5.40 %) had less than 15 % chance of DU. All brachial artery FMD measurements were similar between SSc patients with and without PAH (all p>0.05). Compared to healthy controls, SSc patients had significantly smaller brachial artery diameter and blunted peripheral vascular reactivity and endothelial function. SSc patients with DU have even greater impairments in endothelial function compared to those without DU. FMD testing has clinical utility to identify SSc patients at risk for DU.

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“…Like all particulate air pollution, 16 smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke both lead to impairment of endothelial function in humans as measured by arterial flow-mediated dilation 17 (FMD), an effect that occurs in a few minutes in humans [18][19][20] and rats. 21 Reflecting these rapid effects, implementation of comprehensive smokefree laws are followed by drops in heart attacks and other conditions. 3, p. 435-443, 22,23 As one would expect based on this evidence, FMD drops in rats after one minute of marijuana sidestream smoke, with impairment lasting at least 90 minutes (longer than for tobacco smoke), independent of the presence or absence of cannabinoids.…”

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Marijuana, Secondhand Smoke, and Social Acceptability

2018

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at 4:20 in the afternoon, 15 000 people in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park lit marijuana joints during the annual "420 Day." In cannabis culture, April 20 has become an international countercultural holiday; people gather to celebrate and consume cannabis, typically around 4:20 PM. The giant cloud of secondhand marijuana smoke was visible from the University of California, San Francisco, half a mile away. The cloud embodied the revelers' new freedom on this first 420 Day since California voters legalized recreational marijuana in November 2016. The smoke cloud, however, was also part of a growing source of air pollution.It would have been unthinkable (and illegal) for thousands of people to congregate and smoke tobacco cigarettes in that park. The recognition that secondhand tobacco smoke causes cardiovascular disease, lung and breast cancer, and other diseases motivated passage of laws to protect people from secondhand smoke, including in Golden Gate Park. These laws have the beneficial effect of stimulating voluntary smoke-free home policies, discouraging smoking initiation, supporting smoking cessation, and denormalizing tobacco use. 1(pp26-29) Such social norm change is an effective tobacco control strategy, as exemplified by the California Tobacco Control Program, a broad-based campaign focused on reinforcing the nonsmoking norm. This strategy is aimed at the population as a whole, not just smokers or youth, and includes hard-hitting media messaging and support for smoke-free environments. By focusing on the broader social environment, California has achieved one of the lowest smoking rates in the United States. In 2015, 11.7% of adults in California and 7.7% of high school students had smoked tobacco in the last 30 days compared with 17.5% of adults and 10.8% of high school students nationally. 2,3 Adolescents who perceive secondhand tobacco smoke as dangerous are considerably less likely to start smoking tobacco compared with those with lower risk perceptions of secondhand smoke. 4 In contrast to tobacco, marijuana is widely viewed as harmless or even good for you, even something to be celebrated. Perhaps because cannabinoids are useful for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea, chronic pain, and spasms in multiple sclerosis, 5 marijuana, especially medical marijuana, is viewed as having positive effects.Nationally, more adolescents used marijuana than tobacco in 2016, with 16% of high school sophomores and 25% of high school seniors reporting marijuana use in the past 30

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Brief Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Reversibly Impairs Endothelial Vasodilatory Function

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Impairment of Endothelial Function by Little Cigar Secondhand Smoke

Impairment of Endothelial Function by Little Cigar Secondhand Smoke

Systemic sclerosis induces pronounced peripheral vascular dysfunction characterized by blunted peripheral vasoreactivity and endothelial dysfunction

Marijuana, Secondhand Smoke, and Social Acceptability

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