Brief historical review and bibliography for Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI)

A Systems‐Based Risk Assessment Framework for Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) on Critical Infrastructures

“…Water originates from a raw water source (node 1) and is siphoned into a treatment plant (node 3) where it is cleaned for drinking purposes. From there, water runs further down a slope to a pumping station (node 5) and is pumped to a small town of water users, the consumers (nodes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The town has a looped or grid network, allowing the water to circulate through a primary feeder (the links between the consumer nodes).…”

“…This is done by identifying the transportation resources required to deploy each source within each zone; both resources needed to carry the sources and infiltrate barriers with sources of different categories. Once the resource vectors allowing each attack, R t,s,z , are identified, the minimum resource vectors R * t,s,z are identified according to Equation (8).…”

“…(7) Since the late 1990s, the awareness of the potential threat of IEMI attacks on critical infrastructures has increased. (8) Therefore, the interest in risk analysis of IEMI on important infrastructure has risen. In recent years, risk analysis techniques have been applied to IEMI, and combining risk analysis with IEMI is in high demand.…”

Measurement of radio signal propagation through window panes and energy saving windows

“…Even though it is of special importance that the automation and control of these infrastructures is robust against electromagnetic attacks they are strikingly often based on commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS) equipment fulfilling no more than basic civil EMC specifications. Hence the need for protection against IEMI has grown radically [1], [2], [3].…”

Actual challenges in electromagnetic shielding

“…In parallel with these continuous wave analyses, some researchers started to introduce ways to assess shielding performance in transient conditions [6,7,8,9], issue that became really a decisive key-point in protecting apparatus and systems against the emerging threats due to intentional EMI [10,11]. All these approaches face with the irreconcilable need of the conciseness, which is the main feature of any figure of merit, and that of the completeness of information, necessary to predict whether the protected device will continue to function under prescribed external conditions.…”