Brief Intervention for Heavy-Drinking College Students: 4-Year Follow-Up and Natural History

Baer, John; Kivlahan, Daniel R.; Blume, Arthur W.; McKnight, Patrick E.; Marlatt, G. Alan

doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1310

Cited by 418 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These improvements exceeded the reductions associated with the TLFB/control condition. Our findings add to the growing literature documenting the efficacy of individually-administered BMIs for at-risk college drinkers (Baer, Kivlahan, Blume, McKnight, & Marlatt, 2001;Borsari & Carey, 2000;Murphy et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2001). Importantly, this study demonstrated differential improvement compared to two comparison conditions, a standard assessment control and an active TLFB/control condition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Brief motivational interventions for heavy college drinkers: A randomized controlled trial.

Carey¹,

Carey²,

Maisto³

et al. 2006

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

218

217

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In this randomized controlled trial, the authors evaluated brief motivational interventions (BMIs) for at-risk college drinkers. Heavy drinking students (N = 509; 65% women, 35% men) were randomized into 1 of 6 intervention conditions formed by crossing baseline timeline followback (TLFB) interview (present versus absent) and intervention type (basic BMI, BMI enhanced with a decisional balance module, or none). Assessments completed at baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months measured typical and risky drinking as well as drinking-related problems. Relative to controls, the TLFB interview reduced consumption but not problems at 1 month. The basic BMI improved all drinking outcomes beyond the effects of the TLFB at 1 month, whereas the enhanced BMI did not. Risk reduction achieved by brief interventions maintained throughout the follow-up year.Keywords brief intervention; college drinking; alcohol abuse prevention; decisional balance; timeline assessment Many college students engage in dangerous patterns of alcohol use. Although most have not yet achieved the legal drinking age, about 70% of college students report drinking alcohol in the last month (O'Malley & Johnston, 2002). Their drinking patterns are often characterized by episodic but heavy drinking; as many as 44% of college students report recent heavy drinking (5 or more drinks an occasion for men, 4 or more drinks for women), and 42% of women and 55% of men report that "getting drunk" is an important reason for drinking .Heavy drinking among college students can result in an array of negative consequences. College drinkers frequently reported doing something they regretted (35%), missing a class (30%), driving after drinking (29%), and forgetting where they were or what they did (27%) after drinking . Some also report more severe consequences, such as getting hurt or injured (13%), damaging property (11%), or engaging in unprotected sex because of alcohol use (10%). Tragically, 1,400 college students die each year from injuries related to alcohol use (Hingson, Heeren, Zakocs, Kopstein, & Wechsler, 2002). Other students are also affected by having their sleep or studies disrupted, being insulted or humiliated, and receiving unwanted sexual advances from intoxicated students . Consequences of excessive drinking interfere with the academic and social missions of colleges and universities.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kate B. Carey, Center for Health and Behavior, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-2340. Electronic mail may be sent to kbcarey@syr.edu. NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Consult Clin Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 July 3. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNumerous interventions have been developed to reduce heavy college drinking (Larimer & Cronce, 2002). Purely educational programs often increase students' knowledge about the effects of alcohol but tend not to affect drinking attitudes and behaviors (e.g., Robinson, Roth, Gloria, Keim, & Sattler, 1...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Brief motivational interventions for heavy college drinkers: A randomized controlled trial.

Carey¹,

Carey²,

Maisto³

et al. 2006

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

218

217

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“…To retain as many children as possible who met our eligibility criteria for inclusion in our analyses (i.e., at least age 7 by the time of the 2000 assessment), we used MI (Baer, Kivlahan, Blume, McKnight, & Marlatt, 2001;Rubin, 1987;Schafer, 1997). MI replaces missing values with predictions based on all the other information observed in the study.…”

Section: Missing Data and Multiple Imputationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Employment and Child Development: A Fresh Look Using Newer Methods.

Hill¹,

Waldfogel²,

Brooks‐Gunn³

et al. 2005

Developmental Psychology

175

174

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The employment rate for mothers with young children has increased dramatically over the past 25 years. Estimating the effects of maternal employment on children's development is challenged by selection bias and the missing data endemic to most policy research. To address these issues, this study uses propensity score matching and multiple imputation. The authors compare outcomes across 4 maternal employment patterns: no work in first 3 years postbirth, work only after 1st year, part-time work in 1st year, and full-time work in 1st year. Our results demonstrate small but significant negative effects of maternal employment on children's cognitive outcomes for full-time employment in the 1st year postbirth as compared with employment postponed until after the 1st year. Multiple imputation yields noticeably different estimates as compared with a complete case approach for many measures. Differences between results from propensity score approaches and regression modeling are often minimal.

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“…This includes a lack of effect on reduced initiation of substance use, and there is also an absence of secondary prevention effects, as would be expected on the basis of prior studies, particularly on alcohol consumption (Baer et al 2001;McCambridge & Strang, 2004;Hettema et al 2005;Gray et al, 2005). What between-group differences there are suggest the possible effectiveness of the classroom-based Drug Awareness discussion on the prevalence of cannabis use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We believe it is more likely that neither intervention has been effective in changing the behaviour of the study participants, and if this is proven to be correct, there is an important implication to be considered: Combining pursuit of primary and secondary prevention effects has apparently served to blunt the impact upon existing substance use that should be expected on the basis of previous secondary prevention studies, most notably upon alcohol consumption, for which there is the largest and most positive evidence-base (Baer et al 2001;Hettema et al 2005;Gray et al, 2005). It seems likely that in trying to prevent young people from doing something which they are not, we have unfortunately hampered the possibility of healthy influence of their current behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster randomised trial of the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing for universal prevention

McCambridge

Hunt

Jenkins

et al. 2010

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background:The prevention of initiation of tobacco, alcohol and drug use is a major societal challenge, for which the existing research literature is generally disappointing. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of adaptation of Motivational Interviewing (MI) for universal prevention purposes, i.e. to prevent initiation of new substance use among non-users, and to reduce risks among existing users. Results: This adaptation of MI was not demonstrated to be effective in either intention-totreat or sub-group analyses for any outcome. Unexpected lower levels of cannabis initiation and prevalence were found in the Drug Awareness control condition.Conclusions: This particular adaptation of MI is ineffective as a universal drug prevention intervention and does not merit further study.

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Brief Intervention for Heavy-Drinking College Students: 4-Year Follow-Up and Natural History

Abstract: Brief individual preventive interventions for high-risk college drinkers can achieve long-term benefits even in the context of maturational trends.

Cited by 418 publications

References 33 publications

Brief motivational interventions for heavy college drinkers: A randomized controlled trial.

Brief motivational interventions for heavy college drinkers: A randomized controlled trial.

Maternal Employment and Child Development: A Fresh Look Using Newer Methods.

Cluster randomised trial of the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing for universal prevention

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