Brief Overview of Dietary Intake, Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Markers and Research Opportunities in Sample of Egyptian Women

Abstract

Back ground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a phenotype caused by interaction of host intrinsic factors such as genetics and gut microbiome, and extrinsic factors such as diet and lifestyle. Aim: To demonstrate the interplay of intestinal microbiota with obesity, MetS markers and some dietary ingredients among sample of Egyptian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 115 Egyptian women; 82 obese (59 without MetS and 23 with MetS) and 33 normal weight ones. Anthropometric assessment, 24 hours dietary recall, laboratory evaluation of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), leptin, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin and lipid profile, in addition to fecal microbiota analysis were done. Results: The obese women with MetS had the highest significant values of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and consumed diet high in calories, protein, fat and carbohydrate, low in fiber and micronutrients. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was the abundant bacteria among different gut microbiota, with low Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes Ratio, and insignificant differences between the 3groups. Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes Ratio significantly correlated positively with total cholesterol and LDL-C and negatively with SCFA. Conclusion: The dietary factor, dysbiosis and the metabolic product short chain fatty acids have been implicated in causing metabolic defects.

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“…Increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios (F/B) can lead to a variety of pathological states such as obesity and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), [57] and it is considered to be an important marker of gut microbiota health. [58][59][60] Analysis of the relative ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes at the phylum level showed that the MG group had a significant increase of this variable compared with the other groups, while the MFG group showed a value roughly equivalent to that of the CG group.…”