Brief Overview of Maize Lethal Necrosis and the Molecular Basis of Variability in Concentrations of the Causal Viruses in Co-infected Maize Plant

Awata, Luka A O; Ifie, Beatrice Elohor; Tongoona, Pangirayi; Danquah, Eric Yirenkyi; Jumbo, M.B.; Gowda, Manje; Marchelo-d’Ragga, Philip W.; Sitonik, Chelang’at; Suresh, L. M.

doi:10.9734/bpi/rpmb/v5/4322d

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Monoclonal antibodies have also been developed and shown to have sensitive and specific detection of MCMV ( Wu et al, 2013 ). Gene amplification techniques including reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) ( Awata et al, 2019 ) and reverse transcriptase loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) ( Mwatuni et al, 2020 ) have been developed for MCMV and SCMV detection.…”

Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Major biotic stresses affecting maize production in Kenya and their implications for food security

Njeru,

Wambua,

Muge

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food for many households in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and also contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP). However, the maize yields reported in most SSA countries are very low and this is mainly attributed to biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses have been exacerbated by climate change which has led to long periods of drought or heavy flooding and the emergence of new biotic stresses. Few reports exist which compile the biotic stresses affecting maize production in SSA. Here, five major biotic stresses of maize in Kenya are presented which are attributed to high yield losses. They include Maize lethal necrosis, fall armyworm, gray leaf spot, turcicum leaf blight and desert locusts. Maize lethal necrosis and fall armyworm are new biotic stresses to the Kenyan maize farmer while gray leaf spot, and turcicum leaf blight are endemic to the region. The invasion by the desert locusts is speculated to be caused by climate change. The biotic stresses cause a reduction in maize yield of 30–100% threatening food security. Therefore, this review focuses on the cause, control measures employed to control these diseases and future prospective. There should be deliberate efforts from the government and researchers to control biotic stresses affecting maize yields as the effect of these stresses is being exacerbated by the changing climate.

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Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Major biotic stresses affecting maize production in Kenya and their implications for food security

Njeru,

Wambua,

Muge

et al. 2023

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conversely, MCMV accumulation was increased on knocking down of ZmElc gene expression in maize [ 46 ]. This indicates that ZmELc has contrasting effects on multiplication of SCMV and MCMV [ 47 ]. Though the MCMV titer is generally increased under double infection by SCMV and MCMV, it is unknown what happens to expression of ZmElc in that case and how the growth of both viruses is supported.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of the Disease Progression And Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2022

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Background Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is a significant constraint for maize producers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The disease decimates the maize crop, in some cases, causing total crop failure with far-reaching impacts on regional food security. Results In this review, we analyze the impacts of MLN in Africa, finding that resource-poor farmers and consumers are the most vulnerable populations. We examine the molecular mechanism of MLN virus transmission, role of vectors and host plant resistance identifying a range of potential opportunities for genetic and phytosanitary interventions to control MLN. We discuss the likely exacerbating effects of climate change on the MLN menace and describe a sobering example of negative genetic association between tolerance to heat/drought and susceptibility to viral infection. We also review role of microRNAs in host plant response to MLN causing viruses as well as heat/drought stress that can be carefully engineered to develop resistant varieties using novel molecular techniques. Conclusions With the dual drivers of increased crop loss due to MLN and increased demand of maize for food, the development and deployment of simple and safe technologies, like resistant cultivars developed through accelerated breeding or emerging gene editing technologies, will have substantial positive impact on livelihoods in the region. We have summarized the available genetic resources and identified a few large-effect QTLs that can be further exploited to accelerate conversion of existing farmer-preferred varieties into resistant cultivars.

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“…Maize in Europe is attacked by many insect pests, including two chrysomelid beetle species, the Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, 1858 and the cereal leaf beetle Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) (CLB), which are present in maize stands in high numbers, occasionally causing damage of the crops (Grozea et al, 2006;Meissle et al, 2010Meissle et al, , 2012Lysenko, 2018;Velchev et al, 2019;Ismailov et al, 2021). In addition to the direct damage, these two species are known to transmit the Maize Chlorotic mottle virus (Awata et al, 2019), which recently has been reported in Europe (Spain) (Achon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Beauveria bassiana (strain ATCC 74040) on two leaf beetle pests of maize under laboratory conditions

Velchev¹,

Takov²,

Todorov³

et al. 2023

JCEA

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In some European countries, the Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus, are present in maize stands in high population density, occasionally causing damage of the crops. Susceptibility of adults of these species and larvae of the cereal leaf beetle to the commercially available product Naturalis® based on Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 was explored in laboratory conditions. The results of the bioassays showed that the fungal strain caused the highest corrected mortality on O. melanopus larvae with average values above 95% for all conidia concentrations (from 2.3 × 10 2 to 2.3 × 10 7 conidia/ml) tested. For the adults of the two pests, the average mortality increased positively with concentration of conidia and the values ranges from 9.5% to 94.2% for O. melanopus (concentrations from 2.3 × 10 2 to 2.3 × 10 7 conidia/ml) and from 19.3% to 92.4% for D. v. virgifera (concentrations from 2.3 × 10 3 to 2.3 × 10 7 conidia/ml). Accordingly, the LC 50 values for O. melanopus larvae and adults and D. v. virgifera adults were determined as 4.6, 8.3 × 10 4 and 4.3 × 10 5 conidia/ml, respectively. Further studies to confirm the susceptibility of the larvae of the cereal leaf beetle to Naturalis® under field conditions should be conducted.

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Brief Overview of Maize Lethal Necrosis and the Molecular Basis of Variability in Concentrations of the Causal Viruses in Co-infected Maize Plant

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Major biotic stresses affecting maize production in Kenya and their implications for food security

Major biotic stresses affecting maize production in Kenya and their implications for food security

Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa

Effect of Beauveria bassiana (strain ATCC 74040) on two leaf beetle pests of maize under laboratory conditions

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