2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48123-2
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Brief oxygenation events in locally anoxic oceans during the Cambrian solves the animal breathing paradox

Abstract: Oxygen is a prerequisite for all large and motile animals. It is a puzzling paradox that fossils of benthic animals are often found in black shales with geochemical evidence for deposition in marine environments with anoxic and sulfidic bottom waters. It is debated whether the geochemical proxies are unreliable, affected by diagenesis, or whether the fossils are transported from afar or perhaps were not benthic. Here, we improved the stratigraphic resolution of marine anoxia records 100–1000 fold using core-sc… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Overall, geochemical data agree with field observations of low/absent bioturbation and a lack of benthic fauna and confirm that the Richardson trough bottom waters were generally anoxic [but with brief intervals of oxygenation (42)] for the vast majority of its history. In terms of connecting this marine redox record with estimates of atmospheric O 2 , most model estimates for the early Paleozoic suggest that atmospheric oxygen levels were lower than modern (43)(44)(45)(46).…”
Section: A Long-lived Early Paleozoic Anoxic Basinsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Overall, geochemical data agree with field observations of low/absent bioturbation and a lack of benthic fauna and confirm that the Richardson trough bottom waters were generally anoxic [but with brief intervals of oxygenation (42)] for the vast majority of its history. In terms of connecting this marine redox record with estimates of atmospheric O 2 , most model estimates for the early Paleozoic suggest that atmospheric oxygen levels were lower than modern (43)(44)(45)(46).…”
Section: A Long-lived Early Paleozoic Anoxic Basinsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…The shale is laminated and rich in organic matter, and there is general agreement that the depositional environment was low in oxygen and maybe even euxinic most of the time (see also Dahl et al. ). Olenid trilobites seem to have been adapted to cope with low oxygen conditions (Fortey ; Clarkson & Taylor ), and as part of the survival strategy, the production of larvae was probably high, which at the same time increased their dispersal potential.…”
Section: Depositional Environment Sea‐level Changes and Biofaciesmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Greater freshwater input resulted in nutrient-rich conditions, enhanced water column stratification, and a decrease in local deep water formation, which ultimately caused the drawdown of dissolved oxygen at depth and the deposition of sapropels (e.g., Rohling et al, 2015). As the environmental boundary conditions during these events are relatively well established, sapropels present excellent analogues for intermittent anoxic and sulfidic conditions in past ocean basins (e.g., Dahl et al, 2019) as well as targets for modelling efforts aiming to address large scale basin deoxygenation, provided that redox conditions are quantitatively constrained.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%