Brief psychotic disorder associated with quarantine and mild COVID-19

Haddad, Peter M.; Abdulla, Majid Al; Latoo, Javed; Iqbal, Yousaf

doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-240088

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Finally, 18 articles did not include individual level data and 7 articles were available as abstracts only. A total of 40 articles met inclusion criteria, comprising 48 individual patients from 17 countries ( Table 1 ) [ [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] ]. All but a single study [ 54 ] were in English and 20 (42%) cases were reported in the United States, where the largest proportion of these cases were documented.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports

Smith

Gilbert

Riordan

et al. 2021

General Hospital Psychiatry

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Objectives To describe the comorbidities, presentations, and outcomes of adults with incident psychosis and a history of COVID-19. Methods We completed a descriptive systematic review of case reports according to PRISMA guidelines, including cases of adult patients with incident psychosis and antecedent or concurrent COVID-19. We extracted patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, and outcomes, and assessed cases for quality using a standardized tool. Results Of 2396 articles, we included 40 reports from 17 countries, comprising 48 patients. The mean age of patients was 43.9 years and 29 (60%) were males. A total of 7 (15%) had a documented psychiatric history, 6 (13%) had a substance use history and 11 (23%) had a comorbid medical condition. Delusions were the most common (44 [92%]) psychiatric sign and psychosis lasted between 2 and 90 days. A total of 33 (69%) patients required hospitalization to a medical service and 16 (33%) required inpatient psychiatric admission. The majority (26 [54%]) of cases did not assess for delirium and 15 (31%) cases were judged to be of high risk of bias. Conclusions Despite the growing awareness of COVID-19's association with incident psychosis at a population level, cases of COVID-19-associated psychosis often lacked clinically relevant details and delirium was frequently not excluded. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021256746.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Possible concomitant delirium. Haddad, et al 2020 [ 39 ] 30, M, QA Developed anxiety after positive COVID-19 test, followed by paranoid delusions and AH 1 week later. Mild symptoms of COVID-19 were anosmia and ageusia Anxiety None +SARS-CoV-2 PCR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports

Smith

Gilbert

Riordan

et al. 2021

General Hospital Psychiatry

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“…In the study by Smith et al, the patient developed symptoms of BPD after four days of onset of symptoms of COVID-19 [11]. In another report by Haddad et al, the patient developed BPD after seven days of being diagnosed with COVID-19 [8]. The case series in Italy also showed BPD in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, self-isolation, infection, and associated psychosocial stressors such as financial burden and job insecurity secondary to the pandemic can contribute significantly to psychotic symptoms, especially in vulnerable people. Steroids frequently used in the treatment of severe COVID-19 infection may be another potential cause of psychosis in such patients [2,8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Social Stigma and Neglect Post-COVID-19 Matter? A Case Report on Brief Psychotic Disorder Post-COVID-19 and Self-Quarantine

Baral¹,

Adhikari²,

Karki³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Social stigma and neglect post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and self-quarantine can be associated with a brief psychotic disorder (BPD). A 53-year-old African-American man with no significant past medical and psychiatric history was brought to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of persecutory delusions post COVID-19 and self-quarantine. His symptoms included false beliefs that people were plotting to kill him which made him combative at work and home. As his symptoms worsened, his wife brought him to the hospital. He was given intramuscular haloperidol 5 mg one dose in the ED. The Clinical Health Psychology and Psychiatry team diagnosed the patient with BPD as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Method of Mental Disorder Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Over the next few days, his symptoms slowly improved. At follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic in a week, we found him back to his baseline without any delusional thoughts. Increased stressors post COVID-19, neglect at home, and social stigmata at work associated with COVID-19 along with his individual vulnerability appeared to be the cause of his delusions but various other mechanisms may exist. Our case raises the question: does social stigma and neglect post-COVID-19 and self-quarantine matter?

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“…Although these factors could explain the exacerbation of mental illness or new onset of symptoms, the literature suggests that COVID-19 infection itself can trigger activation of mental illness in susceptible individuals. Previously, a few case reports have described psychosis as a direct consequence of COVID-19 infection [6][7][8][9][10][11]. We describe a patient with no prior history of mental illness developing severe psychosis after contracting COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

New-Onset Psychosis Following COVID-19 Infection

Desai¹,

Sheikh²,

Belzie³

2021

Cureus

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Previous studies have suggested that some individuals experience neuropsychiatric symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We describe a case of new-onset psychosis following COVID-19 infection in a 55-year-old female with no prior psychiatric history. The patient started exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19 infection three weeks prior and was treated in the hospital with 4 L oxygen, dexamethasone 6 mg, and remdesivir therapy for seven days. Throughout her hospital stay, the patient had no neuropsychiatric symptoms. During her last week of stay, she was solely getting oxygen at home before presenting to the emergency department (ED) with severe psychosis. Her COVID-19 test in ED presentation was negative, and all potential etiologies for psychosis were ruled out. She was effectively treated for two weeks with 10 mg haloperidol and 1000 mg sodium valproate daily, followed by outpatient care. While variables such as a family history of bipolar disorder, psychosocial stressors, and steroid medication may have contributed to the patient's presentation, these circumstances alone did not result in neuropsychiatric symptoms in the past. COVID-19 infection may enhance the likelihood of developing neuropsychiatric problems on its own or amplify the effects of risk factors associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 infection may be under- or over-reported in individuals treated with steroids. Further research is necessary to identify individuals at risk of experiencing neuropsychiatric issues owing to COVID-19 infection and the prognosis.

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Brief psychotic disorder associated with quarantine and mild COVID-19

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports

COVID-19-associated psychosis: A systematic review of case reports

Does Social Stigma and Neglect Post-COVID-19 Matter? A Case Report on Brief Psychotic Disorder Post-COVID-19 and Self-Quarantine

New-Onset Psychosis Following COVID-19 Infection

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