Brief Review of Endometriosis and the Role of Trace Elements

Osuchowska-Grochowska, Ida; Blicharska, Eliza; Gogacz, Marek; Nogalska, Agata; Winkler, Izabela; Szopa, Agnieszka; Tymczyna-Borowicz, Barbara; Rahnama-Hezavah, Mansur; Grochowski, Cezary

doi:10.3390/ijms222011098

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury and cooper are called metallostrogens, due to their estrogenic nature, which potentially interfere with the endocrine system, particularly the reproductive system (Caporossi et al, 2021; Sirohi et al, 2021). However, more studies are needed to confirm the role of these elements in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, through direct assessment in endometrial implants (Osuchowska‐grochowska et al, 2021).…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights explaining susceptibility to endometriosis—From genetics to environment

Pais

Almeida‐Santos

2023

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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Endometriosis is a disease with a heterogeneous pathogenesis, explained by multiple theories, and also with a polymorphic presentation. The purpose of this literature review is to systematize the genetic, inflammatory, and environmental factors related to the pathophysiology of endometriosis. Current evidence suggests that endometriosis is a complex inherited genetic condition, in which the genes that determine susceptibility to the disease interact with the environment to develop different phenotypes. Genetic variants associated with risk of endometriosis have been identified in several genome‐wide association studies, in addition to a group of genes related to the pathophysiology of endometriosis, namely the estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors and the cytochrome P450 gene, as well as the p53 gene. The role of inflammation is controversial; however, it is an essential process, both in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease, in and outside the pelvis. Alterations in reactive oxygen species pathways that consequently determine oxidative stress are typical in the inflammatory environment of endometriosis. The role of environmental factors is a relatively new and broad‐spectrum topic, with inconsistent evidence. Multiple factors have been studied such as endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, metals, intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbesterol and lifestyle risk factors. In conclusion, endometriosis remains a mysterious condition, with multifactorial factors involved in its pathophysiology. The progress that has been made in the genetic predisposition to endometriosis may allow the establishment of new therapeutic targets. On the other hand, understanding the role of the environment in this disease may allow preventive intervention, minimizing its incidence and/or severity.This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Reproductive System Diseases > Environmental Factors Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics

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Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights explaining susceptibility to endometriosis—From genetics to environment

Pais

Almeida‐Santos

2023

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease

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“…Endometriosis is caused by the presence of endometrium-like tissues outside of the uterus 1 . It is estimated that endometriosis can affect 10-15% of reproductive-age women, resulting in pelvic pain and infertility 1 , 2 . The long-term presence of endometriosis also carries the risk of cancers 3 , 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinformatics-based analysis of the roles of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development

Zhao¹,

Kong²,

Zhou³

et al. 2023

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disease in women of reproductive age and seriously affects women's health. To analyze the involvement of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development, we performed bioinformatics analysis using four datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which may help us understand the mechanisms by which the sex hormones act in vivo in endometriosis patients. The enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that there are different key genes and pathways involved in eutopic endometrium aberrations of endometriosis patients and endometriotic lesions, and sex hormone receptors, including androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PGR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), may play important roles in endometriosis development. Androgen receptor (AR), as the hub gene of endometrial aberrations in endometriotic patients, showed positive expression in the main cell types for endometriosis development, and its decreased expression in the endometrium of endometriotic patients was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The nomogram model established based on it displayed good predictive value.

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“…In addition to chronic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, endometriosis results in conditions with an increased risk of ovarian cancer development [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Despite progress in understanding the biological essence of endometriosis, its pathogenetic mechanisms still remain undiscovered [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The results of ongoing studies have indirectly supported the crucial significance of the stromal and immune landscapes of the local tissue microenvironment for the onset and progression of the disease [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cell Tryptase and Carboxypeptidase A3 in the Formation of Ovarian Endometrioid Cysts

Atiakshin

Patsap

Kostin

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The mechanisms of ovarian endometrioid cyst formation, or cystic ovarian endometriosis, still remain to be elucidated. To address this issue, we analyzed the involvement of mast cell (MC) tryptase and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) in the development of endometriomas. It was found that the formation of endometrioid cysts was accompanied by an increased MC population in the ovarian medulla, as well as by an MC appearance in the cortical substance. The formation of MC subpopulations was associated with endometrioma wall structures. An active, targeted secretion of tryptase and CPA3 to the epithelium of endometrioid cysts, immunocompetent cells, and the cells of the cytogenic ovarian stroma was detected. The identification of specific proteases in the cell nuclei of the ovarian local tissue microenvironment suggests new mechanisms for the regulatory effects of MCs. The cytoplasmic outgrowths of MCs propagate in the structures of the stroma over a considerable distance; they offer new potentials for MC effects on the structures of the ovarian-specific tissue microenvironment under pathological conditions. Our findings indicate the potential roles of MC tryptase and CPA3 in the development of ovarian endometriomas and infer new perspectives on their uses as pharmacological targets in personalized medicine.

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Brief Review of Endometriosis and the Role of Trace Elements

Cited by 11 publications

References 120 publications

Recent insights explaining susceptibility to endometriosis—From genetics to environment

Recent insights explaining susceptibility to endometriosis—From genetics to environment

Bioinformatics-based analysis of the roles of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development

Mast Cell Tryptase and Carboxypeptidase A3 in the Formation of Ovarian Endometrioid Cysts

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